已知两点的经纬度，求某点到该两点的连线的最短距离

/// <summary> 
/// 根据经纬度值计算出点与直线的距离 
/// </summary> 
/// <param name="x">点的x坐标</param> 
/// <param name="y">点的y坐标</param> 
/// <param name="x1">线的第一个端点的x坐标</param> 
/// <param name="y1">线的第一个端点的y坐标</param> 
/// <param name="x2">线的第二个端点的x坐标</param> 
/// <param name="y2">线的第二个端点的y坐标</param>         
/// <returns>返回点与直线的距离</returns> 
public static double DistancePointToLine(double x, double y, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) 
{
	if (y1 == y2)//线段为平行于X轴 
	{
		if (Math.Min(x1, x2) < x && Math.Max(x1, x2) > x)//垂足在线段内 
		{
			return Math.Abs(ComputeD(y1, x, y, x));
			//点与该线的距离为TempP与P的的距离
		} else 
		{
			return Math.Min(ComputeD(y, x, y1, x1), ComputeD(y, x, y2, x2));
			//返回到某个端点的距离
		}
	}
	if (x1 == x2)//线段为平行于Y轴 
	{
		if (Math.Min(y1, y2) < y && Math.Max(y1, y2) > y)//垂足在线段内 
		{
			return ComputeD(y, x1, y, x);
			//点与该线的距离为TempP与P的的距离
		} else 
		{
			return Math.Min(ComputeD(y, x, y1, x1), ComputeD(y, x, y2, x2));
			//返回到某个端点的距离
		}
	} else//该线段不平行于X轴也不平行于Y轴 
	{
		double k = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1);
		//线段的斜率 double TempX, TempY; 
		TempX = (Math.Pow(k, 2.0) * x1 + k * (y - y1) + x) / (Math.Pow(k, 2.0) + 1.0);
		TempY = k * (TempX - x1) + y1;
		if (TempX < -180 || TempX > 180 || TempY < -90 || TempY > 90) 
		{
			return Math.Min(ComputeD(y, x, y1, x1), ComputeD(y, x, y2, x2));
			//返回到某个端点的距离
		}
		double TempDis1=(ComputeD(TempY, TempX, y1, x1) + ComputeD(TempY, TempX, y2, x2));
		double TempDis2=ComputeD(y1,x1,y2,x2);
		if((TempDis1 - TempDis2)<0.001) //垂足在线内 
		{
			return (ComputeD(TempY, TempX, y, x));
			//点与该线的距离为TempP与P的的距离
		} else 
		{
			return Math.Min(ComputeD(y, x, y1, x1), ComputeD(y, x, y2, x2));
			//返回到某个端点的距离
		}
	}
}
 

ComputeD函数参看http://blog.csdn.net/eqmaster/archive/2010/07/29/5773211.aspx

此代码用于学习测试，计算结果适用范围有限。