DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-30 20:29:11 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-05-30 20:29:11 发布
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分类专栏： dhcp
DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DescriptionGlossaryRFCsPublicationsObsolete RFCs

Description:

Protocol suite:TCP/IP.
Protocol type:Application layer configuration protocol.
Related protocols:BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol.
Ports:67 (UDP) server. 
68 (UDP) host.
MIME subtype: 
SNMP MIBs: 
Working groups:dhc, Dynamic Host Configuration.
ip1394, IP Over IEEE 1394.
Links:IANA: ARP assigned numbers.
IANA: BOOTP/ DHCP options.
dhcp.org

DHCP servers can interoperate with BOOTP clients.

DHCP options have the same format as BOOTP vendor extensions.

RFC 2131:

There are two primary differences between DHCP and BOOTP. First, DHCP defines mechanisms through which clients can be assigned a network address for a finite lease, allowing for serial reassignment of network addresses to different clients. Second, DHCP provides the mechanism for a client to acquire all of the IP configuration parameters that it needs in order to operate.

DHCP introduces a small change in terminology intended to clarify the meaning of one of the fields. What was the "vendor extensions" field in BOOTP has been re-named the "options" field in DHCP. Similarly, the tagged data items that were used inside the BOOTP "vendor extensions" field, which were formerly referred to as "vendor extensions," are now termed simply "options."

MAC headerIP headerUDP headerDHCP headerData :::

DHCP header:

0001020304050607080910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Opcode Hardware type Hardware address length Hop count
Transaction ID
Number of seconds Flags
Client IP address
Your IP address
Server IP address
Gateway IP address
Client hardware address :::
Server host name :::
Boot filename :::
Options :::

Opcode. 8 bits.

ValueDescription
1BOOTREQUEST, Boot request.
2BOOTREPLY, Boot reply.

Hardware type. 8 bits.

ValueDescriptionReferences
1Ethernet. 
2Experimental Ethernet. 
3Amateur Radio AX.25. 
4Proteon ProNET Token Ring. 
5Chaos. 
6IEEE 802. 
7ARCNET. 
8Hyperchannel. 
9Lanstar. 
10Autonet Short Address. 
11LocalTalk. 
12LocalNet (IBM PCNet or SYTEK LocalNET). 
13Ultra link. 
14SMDS. 
15Frame Relay. 
16ATM, Asynchronous Transmission Mode. 
17HDLC. 
18Fibre Channel.RFC 4338
19ATM, Asynchronous Transmission Mode.RFC 2225
20Serial Line. 
21ATM, Asynchronous Transmission Mode. 
22MIL-STD-188-220. 
23Metricom. 
24IEEE 1394.1995.RFC 2855
25MAPOS. 
26Twinaxial. 
27EUI-64. 
28HIPARP. 
29IP and ARP over ISO 7816-3. 
30ARPSec. 
31IPsec tunnel.RFC 3456
32Infiniband.RFC 4391
33CAI, TIA-102 Project 25 Common Air Interface. 
34Wiegand Interface. 
35Pure IP. 

Hardware address length. 8 bits.

Hop count. 8 bits.
This field is used by relay agents.

Transaction ID. 32 bits.
A random number chosen by the client, used by the client and server to associate messages and responses between a client and a server.

Number of seconds. 16 bits.
The elapsed time in seconds since the client began an address acquisition or renewal process.

Flags. 16 bits.
Defined in RFC 1542.

00010203040506070809101112131415
B 0

B, Broadcast. 1 bit.

Client IP address. 32 bits.

Your IP address. 32 bits.

Server IP address. 32 bits.

Gateway IP address. 32 bits.

Client hardware address. 16 bytes.

Server host name. 64 bytes.

Boot filename. 128 bytes.

BOOTP/DHCP options. Variable length.
The first four bytes contain the (decimal) values 99, 130, 83 and 99. This is the same magic cookie as has been defined for BOOTP. The remainder of the field consists of a list of tagged parameters that are called options. All of the vendor extensions used by BOOTP are also DHCP options.

Glossary:

Automatic allocation.
A node is allocated a permanent IP address.

Binding.
A collection of configuration parameters, including at least an IP address, associated with a DHCP client. Bindings are managed by DHCP servers.

BOOTP relay agent.
A node that passes DHCP messages between DHCP clients and DHCP servers. DHCP is designed to use the same relay agent behavior as has been specified for the BOOTP protocol.

DHCP client.
A node using DHCP to obtain configuration parameters.

DHCP proxy.
A DHCP client that acquires IP addresses not for its own use but rather on behalf of another entity. There are a variety of ways that a DHCP proxy can supply the addresses it acquires to other entities that need them.

DHCP server.
A node that returns configuration parameters to DHCP clients.

Dynamic allocation.
A node is allocated an IP address for a limited time period or until the node explicitly relinquishes the address.

Manual allocation.
A node is assigned an IP address and DHCP is used to convey the assigned address to the node.

RFCs:

[RFC 1534] Interoperation Between DHCP and BOOTP.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 2131] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

[RFC 2132] DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions.

[RFC 2241] DHCP Options for Novell Directory Services.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines BOOTP/DHCP options 85 (NDS Servers), 86 (NDS Tree Name) and 87 (NDS Context).

[RFC 2242] NetWare/IP Domain Name and Information.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines BOOTP/DHCP options 62 (NetWare/IP Domain Name) and 63 (NetWare/IP Information).

[RFC 2485] DHCP Option for The Open Group's User Authentication Protocol.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines the DHCP User Authentication Protocol Option.

[RFC 2563] DHCP Option to Disable Stateless Auto-Configuration in IPv4 Clients.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 2610] DHCP Options for Service Location Protocol.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines BOOTP/DHCP options 78 (SLP Directory Agent) and 79 (SLP Service Scope).

[RFC 2855] DHCP for IEEE 1394.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 2937] The Name Service Search Option for DHCP.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 2939] Procedures and IANA Guidelines for Definition of New DHCP Options and Message Types.

[RFC 3004] The User Class Option for DHCP.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3011] The IPv4 Subnet Selection Option for DHCP.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3046] DHCP Relay Agent Information Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 82 (Relay Agent Information Option).
  • Updated by:
    RFC 6607.

[RFC 3118] Authentication for DHCP Messages.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3203] DHCP reconfigure extension.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3256] The DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications) Device Class DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Relay Agent Information Sub-option.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3361] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP-for-IPv4) Option for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Servers.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3396] Encoding Long Options in the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4).

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Updates:
    RFC 2131.

[RFC 3397] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Domain Search Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 119 (Domain Search).

[RFC 3442] The Classless Static Route Option for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 4.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 121 (Classless Static Route).
  • Updates:
    RFC 2132.

[RFC 3456] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4) Configuration of IPsec Tunnel Mode.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3495] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Option for CableLabs Client Configuration.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 122 (CableLabs Client Configuration).

[RFC 3527] Link Selection sub-option for the Relay Agent Information Option for DHCPv4.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 3594] PacketCable Security Ticket Control Sub-Option for the DHCP CableLabs Client Configuration (CCC) Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 122 (CableLabs Client Configuration) suboption 9 (Security Ticket Control).

[RFC 3634] Key Distribution Center (KDC) Server Address Sub-option for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) CableLabs Client Configuration (CCC) Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 122 (CableLabs Client Configuration) suboption 10 (KDC Server Address).

[RFC 3679] Unused Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Option Codes.

  • Category: Informational.

[RFC 3825] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Option for Coordinate-based Location Configuration Information.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 123 (GeoConf).

[RFC 3925] Vendor-Identifying Vendor Options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 4 (DHCPv4).

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP options 124 (V-I Vendor Class) and 125 (V-I Vendor-Specific Information).

[RFC 3942] Reclassifying Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 4 (DHCPv4) Options.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Updates:
    RFC 2132.
  • Redefines the DHCP option assignment space.

[RFC 3993] Subscriber-ID Suboption for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP Agent Suboption Code 6 (Subscriber-ID).

[RFC 4014] Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) Attributes Suboption for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent Information Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP Agent Suboption Code 7 (RADIUS Attributes).

[RFC 4030] The Authentication Suboption for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 4039] Rapid Commit Option for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 4 (DHCPv4).

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 80 (Rapid Commit).

[RFC 4174] The IPv4 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Option for the Internet Storage Name Service.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 83 (Internet Storage Name Service).

[RFC 4280] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Options for Broadcast and Multicast Control Servers.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP options 88 (BCMCS Controller Domain Name list) and 89 (BCMCS Controller IPv4 address list).
  • Defines DHCPv6 options 33 (BCMCS Controller Domain Name list) and 34 (BCMCS Controller IPv6 address list).

[RFC 4361] Node-specific Client Identifiers for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version Four (DHCPv4).

[RFC 4388] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Leasequery.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP options 91 (client-last-transaction-time), 92 (associated-ip).

[RFC 4390] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) over InfiniBand.

  • Category: Standards Track.

[RFC 4477] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): IPv4 and IPv6 Dual-Stack Issues.

  • Category: Informational.

[RFC 4578] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Options for the Intel Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE).

  • Category: Informational.
  • Defines DHCP options 93 (Client System Architecture Type), 94 (Client Network Interface Identifier), 97 (Client Machine Identifier).

[RFC 5192] DHCP Options for Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA) Authentication Agents.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 136 (PANA Authentication Agent).
  • Defines DHCPv6 option 40 (PANA Authentication Agent).

[RFC 5223] Discovering Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Servers Using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 137 (LoST server).
  • Defines DHCPv6 option 51 (LoST server).

[RFC 5417] Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Access Controller DHCP Option.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 138 (CAPWAP Access Controller addresses).
  • Defines DHCPv6 option 52 (CAPWAP Access Controller addresses).

[RFC 6011] Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) User Agent Configuration.

  • Category: Informational.
  • Defines DHCP option 141 (SIP UA Configuration Service Domains).
  • Defines DHCPv6 option 58 (OPTION_SIP_UA_CS_LIST).

[RFC 6607] Virtual Subnet Selection Options for DHCPv4 and DHCPv6.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Defines DHCP option 221 (Virtual Subnet Selection).
  • Defines DHCP option 82 suboption 151 (DHCPv4 Virtual Subnet Selection).
  • Defines DHCP option 82 suboption 152 (DHCPv4 Virtual Subnet Selection Control).
  • Defines DHCPv6 option 68 (Virtual Subnet Selection).
  • Updates:
    RFC 3046.

Publications:

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Obsolete RFCs:

[RFC 1497] BOOTP Vendor Information Extensions.

[RFC 1531] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

  • Category: Standards Track.
  • Obsoleted by:
    RFC 1541.

[RFC 1533] DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions.

[RFC 1541] Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

[RFC 2489] Procedure for Defining New DHCP Options.

DescriptionGlossaryRFCsPublicationsObsolete RFCs

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weixin_46345928的博客
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一.两个用于描述协议的工具 1.1 MSC(Message Sequence Chart) 消息序列图包括：实体、消息和动作，以及时间线。 其作用是从整体的交互上上描述协议的功能。之所以说是整体上，是因为其涵盖了协议实现上的全部实体，区别于STD只描述一个实体。交互由message和action来体现。 电话呼叫时的MSC图： 可以看出，entity产生action，action产生message，message又往往带来其他entity的action。 如何画出一张MSC？...
linux系统如何判断DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Client 是否启动
05-24
在Linux系统中，可以使用以下命令来检查DHCP客户端是否启动： 1. ps命令：使用ps命令可以查看当前正在运行的进程列表。通过以下命令可以检查DHCP客户端是否在运行： ``` ps aux | grep dhclient ``` 如果DHCP客户端正在运行，则会显示类似于以下内容的输出： ``` root 1234 0.0 0.1 12345 6789 ? Ss Aug24 0:00 /sbin/dhclient -d -q -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-helper -pf /var/run/dhclient-eth0.pid -lf /var/lib/dhclient/dhclient-eth0.leases -cf /etc/dhcp/dhclient-eth0.conf eth0 ``` 2. service命令：使用service命令可以查询系统服务的状态。通过以下命令可以检查DHCP客户端服务是否正在运行： ``` service dhclient status ``` 如果DHCP客户端正在运行，则会显示类似于以下内容的输出： ``` dhclient (pid 1234) is running... ``` 如果DHCP客户端未启动，则输出将为： ``` dhclient is stopped ```
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