C++编程思想 第1卷 第12章 运算符重载 重载赋值符 operator=行为 类中指针

简单地拷贝一个指针意味着以相同的存储单元的对象而结束

当做一个赋值运算或一个拷贝构造函数时，最简单的方法是拷贝这个指针所涉及的
一切，这非常直接

 

//: C12:CopyingWithPointers.cpp
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
// Solving the pointer aliasing problem by
// duplicating what is pointed to during 
// assignment and copy-construction.
#include "../require.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Dog {
  string nm;
public:
  Dog(const string& name) : nm(name) {
    cout << "Creating Dog: " << *this << endl;
  }
  // Synthesized copy-constructor & operator= 
  // are correct.
  // Create a Dog from a Dog pointer:
  Dog(const Dog* dp, const string& msg) 
    : nm(dp->nm + msg) {
    cout << "Copied dog " << *this << " from "
         << *dp << endl;
  }
  ~Dog() { 
    cout << "Deleting Dog: " << *this << endl;
  }
  void rename(const string& newName) {
    nm = newName;
    cout << "Dog renamed to: " << *this << endl;
  }
  friend ostream&
  operator<<(ostream& os, const Dog& d) {
    return os << "[" << d.nm << "]";
  }
};

class DogHouse {
  Dog* p;
  string houseName;
public:
  DogHouse(Dog* dog, const string& house)
   : p(dog), houseName(house) {}
  DogHouse(const DogHouse& dh)
    : p(new Dog(dh.p, " copy-constructed")),
      houseName(dh.houseName 
        + " copy-constructed") {}
  DogHouse& operator=(const DogHouse& dh) {
    // Check for self-assignment:
    if(&dh != this) {
      p = new Dog(dh.p, " assigned");
      houseName = dh.houseName + " assigned";
    }
    return *this;
  }
  void renameHouse(const string& newName) {
    houseName = newName;
  }
  Dog* getDog() const { return p; }
  ~DogHouse() { delete p; }
  friend ostream&
  operator<<(ostream& os, const DogHouse& dh) {
    return os << "[" << dh.houseName 
      << "] contains " << *dh.p;
  }
}; 

int main() {
  DogHouse fidos(new Dog("Fido"), "FidoHouse");
  cout << fidos << endl;
  DogHouse fidos2 = fidos; // Copy construction
  cout << fidos2 << endl;
  fidos2.getDog()->rename("Spot");
  fidos2.renameHouse("SpotHouse");
  cout << fidos2 << endl;
  fidos = fidos2; // Assignment
  cout << fidos << endl;
  fidos.getDog()->rename("Max");
  fidos2.renameHouse("MaxHouse");
  getchar();
} ///:~

Dog是一个简单的类，仅包含一个来说明dog名字的string成员

无论何时成员函数打印信息，它都不是直接获取信息的，而是把*this传送给
cout

当类中包含指针时，DogHouse含有一个Dog*并说明了需要定义的4个函数:所有必须
的普通构造函数、拷贝构造函数、operator= 无论定义它还是不允许它 和析构函数

输出
Creating Dog: [Fido]
[FidoHouse] contains [Fido]
Copied dog [Fido copy-constructed] from [Fido]
[FidoHouse copy-constructed] contains [Fido copy-constructed]
Dog renamed to: [Spot]
[SpotHouse] contains [Spot]
Copied dog [Spot assigned] from [Spot]
[SpotHouse assigned] contains [Spot assigned]
Dog renamed to: [Max]