简单地拷贝一个指针意味着以相同的存储单元的对象而结束
当做一个赋值运算或一个拷贝构造函数时,最简单的方法是拷贝这个指针所涉及的
一切,这非常直接
//: C12:CopyingWithPointers.cpp
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
// Solving the pointer aliasing problem by
// duplicating what is pointed to during
// assignment and copy-construction.
#include "../require.h"
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Dog {
string nm;
public:
Dog(const string& name) : nm(name) {
cout << "Creating Dog: " << *this << endl;
}
// Synthesized copy-constructor & operator=
// are correct.
// Create a Dog from a Dog pointer:
Dog(const Dog* dp, const string& msg)
: nm(dp->nm + msg) {
cout << "Copied dog " << *this << " from "
<< *dp << endl;
}
~Dog() {
cout << "Deleting Dog: " << *this << endl;
}
void rename(const string& newName) {
nm = newName;
cout << "Dog renamed to: " << *this << endl;
}
friend ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const Dog& d) {
return os << "[" << d.nm << "]";
}
};
class DogHouse {
Dog* p;
string houseName;
public:
DogHouse(Dog* dog, const string& house)
: p(dog), houseName(house) {}
DogHouse(const DogHouse& dh)
: p(new Dog(dh.p, " copy-constructed")),
houseName(dh.houseName
+ " copy-constructed") {}
DogHouse& operator=(const DogHouse& dh) {
// Check for self-assignment:
if(&dh != this) {
p = new Dog(dh.p, " assigned");
houseName = dh.houseName + " assigned";
}
return *this;
}
void renameHouse(const string& newName) {
houseName = newName;
}
Dog* getDog() const { return p; }
~DogHouse() { delete p; }
friend ostream&
operator<<(ostream& os, const DogHouse& dh) {
return os << "[" << dh.houseName
<< "] contains " << *dh.p;
}
};
int main() {
DogHouse fidos(new Dog("Fido"), "FidoHouse");
cout << fidos << endl;
DogHouse fidos2 = fidos; // Copy construction
cout << fidos2 << endl;
fidos2.getDog()->rename("Spot");
fidos2.renameHouse("SpotHouse");
cout << fidos2 << endl;
fidos = fidos2; // Assignment
cout << fidos << endl;
fidos.getDog()->rename("Max");
fidos2.renameHouse("MaxHouse");
getchar();
} ///:~
Dog是一个简单的类,仅包含一个来说明dog名字的string成员
无论何时成员函数打印信息,它都不是直接获取信息的,而是把*this传送给
cout
当类中包含指针时,DogHouse含有一个Dog*并说明了需要定义的4个函数:所有必须
的普通构造函数、拷贝构造函数、operator= 无论定义它还是不允许它 和析构函数
输出
Creating Dog: [Fido]
[FidoHouse] contains [Fido]
Copied dog [Fido copy-constructed] from [Fido]
[FidoHouse copy-constructed] contains [Fido copy-constructed]
Dog renamed to: [Spot]
[SpotHouse] contains [Spot]
Copied dog [Spot assigned] from [Spot]
[SpotHouse assigned] contains [Spot assigned]
Dog renamed to: [Max]