golang interface学习总结

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
)

//interface可以实现泛型编程
//简单的说，interface是一组method的组合
//interface 可以实现泛型编程
type geometry interface {
	calculatearea() float64
	calculateperim() float64
}
type rectancle struct {
	width, height float64
}
type circle struct {
	radius float64
}

func (r rectancle) calculatearea() float64 {
	return r.height * r.width
}
func (r rectancle) calculateperim() float64 {
	return 2*r.width + 2*r.height
}
func (c circle) calculatearea() float64 {
	return math.Pi * c.radius * c.radius
}
func (c circle) calculateperim() float64 {
	return 2 * math.Pi * c.radius
}
func measure(g geometry) {
	fmt.Println(g)
	fmt.Println(g.calculatearea())
	fmt.Println(g.calculateperim())
}

type Human struct {
	name  string
	age   int
	phone string
}

type Student struct {
	Human  //匿名字段Human
	school string
	loan   float32
}

type Employee struct {
	Human   //匿名字段Human
	company string
	money   float32
}

//Human对象实现Sayhi方法
func (h Human) SayHi() {
	fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s you can call me on %s\n", h.name, h.phone)
}

// Human对象实现Sing方法
func (h Human) Sing(lyrics string) {
	fmt.Println("La la, la la la, la la la la la...", lyrics)
}

//Human对象实现Guzzle方法
func (h Human) Guzzle(beerStein string) {
	fmt.Println("Guzzle Guzzle Guzzle...", beerStein)
}

// Employee重载Human的Sayhi方法
func (e Employee) SayHi() {
	fmt.Printf("Hi, I am %s, I work at %s. Call me on %s\n", e.name,
		e.company, e.phone) //此句可以分成多行
}

//Student实现BorrowMoney方法
func (s Student) BorrowMoney(amount float32) {
	s.loan += amount // (again and again and...)
}

//Employee实现SpendSalary方法
func (e Employee) SpendSalary(amount float32) {
	e.money -= amount // More vodka please!!! Get me through the day!
}

//nterface可以被任意的对象实现。我们看到上面的Men interface被Human、Student和Employee实现。
//同理，一个对象可以实现任意多个interface，例如上面的Student实现了Men和YoungChap两个interface。
type Men interface {
	SayHi()
	Sing(lyrics string)
	Guzzle(beerStein string)
}
type YongChap interface {
	SayHi()
	string(song string)
	BorrowMoney(amount float32)
}
type ElderlyGent interface {
	SayHi()
	Sing(song string)
	SpendSalary(amount float32)
}

//嵌入inteface
//如果一个interface1作为interface2的一个嵌入字段，
//那么interface2隐式的包含了interface1里面的method。
type xiangbudaomingzile interface {
	qianru
	PrintWH()
}
type qianru interface {
	MeasureArea()
}
type Rectancle2 struct {
	width, height float32
}

func (r Rectancle2) PrintWH() {
	fmt.Printf("This rectancle width is % height is %\n", r.width, r.height)
}
func (r Rectancle2) MeasureArea() {
	fmt.Printf("This rectancle area is %\n", r.width*r.height)
}

type name interface {
	WriteName()
}

type qianruname struct {
	name
}

func (n qianruname) WriteName() {
	fmt.Println("your name")
}

//练习一下interface
type isuibian interface {
	SaySuibian()
}
type ssuibian struct {
	s string
}

func (s ssuibian) SaySuibian() {
	fmt.Println(s.s)
}
func lianxi(s isuibian) {
	s.SaySuibian()
}
func main() {
	suibian := ssuibian{s: "再练习一下interface"}
	lianxi(suibian)
	var n = qianruname{}
	n.WriteName()
	r := rectancle{10, 20}
	c := circle{10}
	measure(r)
	measure(c)

	mike := Student{Human{"Mike", 25, "222-222-XXX"}, "MIT", 0.00}
	paul := Student{Human{"Paul", 26, "111-222-XXX"}, "Harvard", 100}
	sam := Employee{Human{"Sam", 36, "444-222-XXX"}, "Golang Inc.", 1000}
	Tom := Employee{Human{"Tom", 37, "222-444-XXX"}, "Things Ltd.", 5000}

	//定义Men类型的变量i
	var i Men

	//i能存储Student
	i = mike
	fmt.Println("This is Mike, a Student:")
	i.SayHi()
	i.Sing("November rain")

	//i也能存储Employee
	i = Tom
	fmt.Println("This is Tom, an Employee:")
	i.SayHi()
	i.Sing("Born to be wild")

	//定义了slice Men
	fmt.Println("Let's use a slice of Men and see what happens")
	x := make([]Men, 3)
	//这三个都是不同类型的元素，但是他们实现了interface同一个接口
	x[0], x[1], x[2] = paul, sam, mike

	for _, value := range x {
		value.SayHi()
	}

	//空interface在我们需要存储任意类型的数值的时候相当有用，
	//因为它可以存储任意类型的数值。它有点类似于C语言的void*类型。
	// 定义a为空接口
	var a interface{}
	var i32 int = 5
	s := "Hello world"
	// a可以存储任意类型的数值
	a = i32
	println("a存储int型为：", a)
	a = s
	println("a存储sring类型为：", a)

	var xian xiangbudaomingzile
	r2 := Rectancle2{10, 10}
	xian = r2
	xian.PrintWH()
	xian.MeasureArea()
}