example 1:
my a=OFC33L40.0
perl '/(\d+)(?=\D)/ and print $1' $
example2:
#!/opt/exp/bin/perl
use strict;
while(<>){
# s/\Q[0-9]\E(?:[^+*\/])/[0-9]+/g;
s/\[0-9](?:[^+*\/])/[0-9]+/g;
print;
}
#!/opt/exp/bin/perl
use strict;
my $line = 0;
while(<>){
$line++;
print "line7 line=$line \n";
if(s/d01/sprintf("d%02d",$line)/ge){
print;
}
}
example 3:
remove felixzh1
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
$^I = '.bak';
#read ARGV (read command line parameter file one line by one line and one file by one file)
while (<ARGV>) {
s/felixzh1//g;
print;
}
it is the same with perl command line
perl -i.bak -pe 's/felixzh1//g' filename
example 4: 删除felixzh1所在的行
-n相当于-p只是不打印原来的文件内容。
-p会把每一行打出来
perl -n -e 'print unless(/felixzh1/);' < file
perl -n -e '/felixzh1/ || print' < file
perl -n -e 'print unless(/felixzh1/);' < file
perl -e 'while(<>){print unless(/felixzh1/);}' < file
perl -n -e 'print unless(/felixzh1/);' < 1.txt >2.txt
4.1 在diskinfo的上一行加#add by abc,在其下一行加'print (stderr,"abc line111 \n")',
#!/usr/bin/perl
my $dist = 'diskinfo';
while (<DATA>) {
print /$dist/
? ( "#add by abc\n", $_, 'print (stderr,"abc line111 \n")', "\n" )
: $_;
}
__DATA__
fdfa
sort_diskinfo()
print1
# perl -lape '$_="#add by abc\n$_\nprint (stderr,\"abc line111\\n\")" if /diskinfo/' 1.txt
(la即lane可以实验去掉看看)
example 5: simulate grep- leave key word lines
#!/usr/bin/perl
#p1 is filename , p2 is begin number, p3 is end number
$file=$ARGV[0];
#$begin = $ARGV[1];
#$end = $ARGV[2];
#system(perl -ne 'print if $begin..$end' $file >1.txt);
$s1="out";
$output = $file.$s1;
open($fh,'<',$file) or die $!;
open($fhout,">$output");
while ($line=<$fh>)
{
@tmp = split(/ /,$line);
@tmp1 = split(/-/,$tmp[0]);
if ( $tmp1[0] == 2017 )
{
$mLineFlag =0;
#multiple regular condition ,use |
if ($line =~ (/H323Proxy|SIGNAL|MC/) )
{
$mLineFlag =1;
print $fhout $line;
}
}
else
{
if ($mLineFlag)
{
print $fhout $line;
}
}
}
close $fh;
close $fhout;
example 6：use hash to find dup
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
$direct=$ARGV[0];
system ("sh /home/fzhao/txt/1.sh $direct");
$count=0;
$dup=0;
$all=0;
$len=0;
@b=();
%hash;
open my $fh , '<' ,'1';
open my $fh2 , '>>' ,'11';
while (my $line=<$fh>) {
@array =split (/\s+/,$line);
if ( $direct==0 )
{
$hsRas=$array[14];
}
else
{
$hsRas=$array[15];
}
$all++;
$flag=0;
$key=0;
for $key (keys %hash)
{
if ( $key eq $hsRas )
{
$dup++;
$flag=1;
last;
}
}
$hash{$key} =1;
if ( $flag == 0)
{
print $fh2 "$hsRas\n";
$count++;
}
}
close ($fh);
close ($fh2);
print "all=$all;dup=$dup;count=$count \n";
example 7: class
文本：
$ cat 9.txt
abrt-action-analyze-backtrace
abrt-action-analyze-c
abrt-action-analyze-core
abrt-action-analyze-oops
abrt-action-analyze-python
abrt-action-generate-backtrace
abrt-action-install-debuginfo
abrt-action-list-dsos
abrt-action-save-package-data
abrt-action-trim-files
abrt-applet
例子分析
#!/opt/exp/bin/perl -w
use strict;
my $file=$ARGV[0];
my $line;
my @tmp;
my $fh;
my %uniq;
my @list;
open($fh,'<',$file) or die $!;
print "line6:$file \n";
while ($line=<$fh>) {
print "line8:$line ";
#don;t need add \n, because perl read each line include "\n"
print "line9:$_ \n";
#string or list change to array
# error1 @tmp=$line ,数组将仅有一个元素. @tmp = split(/-/,$line);数组将存line分割出来的各个元素
@tmp = split(/-/,$line);
#输出数组
print "line10:@tmp \n";
# print 最后元素（从最后向前print 元素）
print "line11:$tmp[-1];$tmp[-2];$tmp[-3] \n";
#不会匹配第一个“- ”，因为有$限制
$line =~ s/-([^-]+)$//;
print "line12:$line \n";
#将每行的值放入数组保持
push @list, $line;
}#grep 当成一个循环, uniq{$_} 为0，取反为1，为1则放入list中，为0则不放入；
# uniq 是一个哈希.哈希可以将string做为下标. 然后$uniq{$_}++;这样去掉了重复的行
# sort 按字母排序
my @output = sort(grep {!$uniq{$_}++} @list);
# 因为在$line =~ s/-([^-]+)$//;此处，string的\n也被用空替换了，所以各个数组元素之间，要加上\n区别开
# join 返回值是string ,将数组变成了带\n的一个string
print join("\n", @output);
===================
example 8:
$ cat 10.txt
wang 12 qian 45 67 sun 22
31 tang 77 89 43 li
nan 78
将数字乘以2
$ cat number.pl
#!/opt/exp/bin/perl -w
my $file = $ARGV[0];
my @tmp;
my $fh;
my $i;
open ($fh,'<',$file) or die $!;
while (my $line=<$fh>) {
@tmp = split(/\s+/, $line);
print "line6:@tmp";
#在正则中e表示执行函数，此句表示将数字用函数运算的结果，替换
$line =~ s/(\d+)/$1*2/eg;
print "line16:$line \n";
}example 9:
perl 批量更改文件名
[root@localhost test]# ls *.txt
a.txt b.txt
[root@localhost test]# perl -e 'foreach(<*.txt>) {s/.txt$//;rename(qq{$_.txt},qq{$_-2011.txt})}'-------------------此处s/.txt$// 获取文件除去后缀名的文件名a，b
[root@localhost test]# ls *.txt
a-2011.txt b-2011.txt
简单注释:如果文件名放到运算符（<>）中，perl会自动支持globbing。glob函数与运算符<*>点作用是完全相同的。
[root@localhost test]# perl -e 'foreach(glob("*.txt")) {s/.txt$//;rename(qq{$_.txt},qq{$_-2011.txt})}'
[root@localhost test]# ls *.txt
a-2011-2011.txt b-2011-2011.txt
example 10: 删除某行,删除一行
方法1：
perl -ne 'print if ! /^sky/' record.txt
chihao 22 secret 提交
alien 25 male 提交
sky 20 secret 提交
方法2：
$ perl -we '
use strict;
open(FN,"test.txt");
while(<FN>){
next if /\&test/;
print;
}
方法3：
open(FILE,"<a.txt");
@text=<FILE>;
open(FILL,">b.txt")
for(my $i=0; $i < @text; $i++)
{
if($text[$i] !~/bug/){
print FILL $text[$i];
}
}
close FILL;
close FILE;
如果是空行，直接将$text[$i] !~/bug/ 替换成 $text[$i] eq ""
example 11:
<*> 应该是glob，类似shell里面ls所有的文件
print <> ; cat 的perl实现,
print sort <> ; sort的perl实现
正则 ^但是使用表示行首，^.后接字符表示以该字符开头example12: perl eval
类似java中的try{}catch{} 语句，perl中也可以捕获程序执行过程中的异常，防止因为局部异常导致程序全盘退出。
my $a=0;
my $b=1;
my $c=1;
eval {
$c = $b/$a;
};
print "An error occurred:$@" if $@
$@ 存放正常，异常的info
注意与shell 中eval的区别
foo=10
x=foo
eval y=’$’$x
echo $y
eval可读取一连串的参数，然后再依参数本身的特性来执行
参数不限数目，彼此之间用分号分开。
那么eval y='$'$x 等同与 eval y="$"$x
‘ ’ ，或“ ” 的作用是 告诉shell，有两个参数需要展开。
第一次取参数时候，将$x 展开，得到foo，此时表达式可以理解为 y=$foo
那么第二次在展开时候，就会对$foo 展开，那么就得到了10
example14: perl在制定行前添加一行
<p style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 26px;"></p><pre name="code" class="html">#!/opt/exp/bin/perl -w
foreach my $file (glob "*.tcl") {
print "$file\n";
&max($file);
}
sub max {
my $dist = 'WISEopt';
my $line = 0;
my $i = 0;
my $f1 = shift @_;
my $f2 = $f1.".bak";
my $fd;
my $fd2;
open $fd, "<$f1";
open $fd2, ">$f2";
while (<$fd>) {
$i = $i +1;
$line = $i;
print $fd2 /$dist/
? ( "exec echo \"felixzh1 $line C(RCS\${rcs}WISEopt)=\$C(RCS\${r
cs}WISEopt)>>/bld/felixzh/1\n\"", $_,"\n")
: $_;
}
close $fd;
close $fd2;
}example15: 用perl排序sort:
my @array = (100,5,8,92,-7,34,29,58,8,10,24);
my @sorted_array = sort { $a <=> $b } @array;
#sort { $a <=> $b } @array;就是子函数if {} else{} 。
my @data = qw(a1 b4 c123 d328 z32 m10);
#提出数字部分
my @data_with_num_part;
for (@data) {
die "$_ don't have num part" unless $_ =~ /(\d+)/;
push @data_with_num_part, [$_, $1]; #将文本和它的数字部分打包成一个数组
}
@temp=sort { $a->[1] <=> $b->[1]} @data_with_num_part;
# 对数字部分排序，然后用 map 取出原文本
my @sorted = map $_->[0] , @temp;
#@temp is hash array, [$_,$1]
# foreach (@temp) {
# push @sort ,$_->[0];
# }exmaple 16 compare apache lib-simulate grep -search A.txt lib in B.txt
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
my $file=$ARGV[0];
my $file1=$ARGV[1];
$file2 ="found.txt";
$file3 ="nofound.txt";
open($fh,'<',$file) or die $!;
open($fh1,'<',$file1) or die $!;
open($fh2,'>',$file2) or die $!;
open($fh3,'>',$file3) or die $!;
my @list="";
$j=0;
while ($line=<$fh>) {
if ($line =~ /.*\\(mod.*)/)
{
$a=$1;
#######################################
#consult don;t add \n ,all array list print in one line??????????????
$a=$a."\n";
push (@list ,$a);
$j++;
#can;t use print @list to print array
#foreach(@list)
#{
# print "line16:$_\n";
#}
}
}
while ($line1=<$fh1>) {
push @list1 ,$line1;
}
$found=0;
$nofound=0;
my @found1="";
my @nofound1="";
$ii=0;
print @list;
foreach (@list)
{
$ii++;
$a = $_;
if ( $a eq "" )
{
next;
}
#success use grep , key is use (),otherwise it don;t get element ,it get all array
@f= (grep /$a/, @list1);
if (@f)
{
$found++;
push (@found1,$a);
print $fh2 $a;
}
else
{
#attention print "line27:$a \n"; the space will also been printed.
$nofound++;
push @nofound1 ,$a;
print $fh3 $a;
}
}
my $aa=@found1;
my $bb=@nofound1;
print "found=$found;nofound=$nofound;$aa;$bb\n";
print ("@found1");
print ("@nofound1");eg 16 提取指定行之间的内容再正则过滤掉内容
perl -ne 'print if 8..12
先提取指定范围的内容
#!/usr/bin/perl
open($fh,'<',"1.txt") or die $!;
open($fhout,">2.txt");
while ($line=<$fh>)
{
@tmp = split(/ /,$line);
@tmp1 = split(/-/,$tmp[0]);
if ( $tmp1[0] == 2017 )
{
$mLineFlag =0;
//multiple regular condition ,use |
if ($line =~ (/H323Proxy|SIGNAL|MC/) )
{
$mLineFlag =1;
print $fhout $line;
}
}
else
{
if ($mLineFlag)
{
print $fhout $line;
}
}
}
close $fh;
close $fhout;eg17 不重复数据字段统计
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
$direct=$ARGV[0]; //read perl pamameter 1
system ("sh /home/fzhao/txt/1.sh $direct"); //perl call shell
$count=0;
$dup=0;
$all=0;
$len=0;
@b=();
open my $fh , '<' ,'1';
open my $fh2 , '>>' ,'11';
while (my $line=<$fh>) {
@array =split (/\s+/,$line); //split line into field
=pod //perl 成段注释方法
if ($first==0)
{
print "@array";
print "\n";
foreach (@array)
{
print $_;
print ";;";
}
$first=1;
exit;
}
=cut
if ( $direct==0 )
{
$hsRas=$array[14];
}
else
{
$hsRas=$array[15];
}
$all++;
$flag=0;
foreach (@b) //遍历数组
{
if ( $_ eq $hsRas )
{
$dup++;
$flag=1;
last;
}
}
push @b , $hsRas;
$len =@b;
if ( $flag == 0)
{
print $fh2 "$hsRas\n";
$count++;
}
# print "hsRas=$hsRas\n";
}
close ($fh);
close ($fh2);
print "all=$all;dup=$dup;count=$count \n";
17 在行后加空行or删除空行
文本间隔
# 在每一行后面增加一空行
思路：将最后的\n换成space+\n 输出
#!/opt/exp/bin/perl
$^I=".bak";
while (<>) {
chomp($_);
print "$_ \n";
}
# 将原来的所有空行删除并在每一行后面增加一空行。
# 这样在输出的文本中每一行后面将有且只有一空行
思路：读取每一行，如果空行不输出，如果是非空行，输出然后在打印一个空行
#!/opt/exp/bin/perl
$^I=".bak";
while (<>) {
if (/^\b*$/) {
next;
} else {
print "$_";
print "\n";
}
}
# 在每一行后面增加两行空行
思路：读取每一行，之后加两个print \n
#!/opt/exp/bin/perl
$^I=".bak";
while (<>) {
print "$_";
print "\n";
print "\n";
}
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