博主刚接触线程没多久,需要实现将线程中计算出的数据传递给winform的label显示出来,但是C#中禁止跨线程直接访问控件,首先想到方法一(用委托实现) :
具体拿一个案例(内部计算已省略)说明:需要实现,按button start ,线程中传递出一个string类型的数据,之后将数据传递给label1,每5s传递给label1一次 。点击button stop,线程停止计算 。
public partial class Form2 : Form
{
Thread myThread;
string status;
bool switchThread=true;
public Form2()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (myThread.IsAlive)
{
label1.Text = "waiting";
}
else
{
switchThread = true;
myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Transfer));
myThread.Start();
}
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
switchThread = false;
if (myThread.IsAlive)
{
myThread.Abort();
}
label1.Text = "stop";
}
public void Transfer()
{
while (switchThread)
{
status = "Running";
_invoke_myDelegate(status);
Thread.Sleep(5000);
}
}
public delegate void myDelegate(string str);
public void _invoke_myDelegate(String str)
{
if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
this.Invoke(new myDelegate(_invoke_myDelegate), str);
}
label1.Text = str;
}
private void Form2_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Transfer));
}
}
同事说工具栏的backgroundWorker也可以实现这个功能,就去MSDN了解了一下这个东东。故有了方法二:
需要在前台添加BackgroundWorker控件backgroundWorker1,之后就开始写代码了
public partial class Form3 : Form
{
bool switchWorker = true;
public string status;
public Form3()
{
InitializeComponent();
backgroundWorker1.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (backgroundWorker1.IsBusy != true)
{
backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();
}
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (backgroundWorker1.WorkerSupportsCancellation == true)
{
backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();
}
}
private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
BackgroundWorker myworker = (BackgroundWorker)sender;
while (switchWorker)
{
if (myworker.CancellationPending != true)
{
status = "running";
myworker.ReportProgress(1, status);
Thread.Sleep(5000);
}
else
{
e.Cancel = true;
break;
}
}
}
private void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
{
label1.Text = e.UserState.ToString();
}
private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Cancelled == true)
{
label1.Text = "stop";
}
else if (e.Error != null)
{
label1.Text ="error";
}
else
{
label1.Text = "done";
}
}
}
这个控件大部分用于将后台的进度百分比e.ProgressPercentage传送给前台,但也可以将状态e.UserState传给前台。使用这个控件需要注意几个事项:
1.该控件主要有三个事件构成:DoWork(做准备工作,不操作任何用户界面的对象,扮演的角色类似于上一个方法里的Tranfer());ProgressChanged(收到进度更新的通知及其操作,dowork与前台的纽带);RunWorkerCompleted(在操作完成的时候收到通知,后台结束之后的一些动作)
2.ProgressChanged事件有作用的前提是:WorkerReportsProgress = true;
3.可以cancel这个线程的前提是 WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;
以上为个人初学线程的一些理解,如有偏差,还请及时指正 。