创建项目:
运行AndroidStudio后,创建新项目,新项目会有一个默认的Module,这里项目名称为JNIDemo,Module为app。
然后通过向导完成项目的创建。
AndroidStudio还是非常慢的,长时间处于这种状态:
经过漫长的等待后终于完成项目的创建,然后在这个项目下创建一个Module,New Module->Android Library:
不勾选“Create activity”然后点击“Finish”完成创建,此时项目结构如图:
app和hellojni均为JNIDemo下的两个Module,这里把hellojni作为生成so库的NDK开发层,把app作为调用so库的APK引用开发层。
在hellojni模块的src/main下创建jni目录,并在jni目录下新建文件main.cpp,代码如下:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <jni.h> #include <assert.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <android/log.h> #define LOG_TAG "Hellojni" #define LOGE(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__) #define LOGI(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__) //注册native api的类#define JNIREG_CLASS "com/example/test9/app/MainActivity" extern "C" { JNIEXPORT void msg(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz, jstring str); }; //jstring to char* char* jstringTostring(JNIEnv* env, jstring jstr) { char* rtn = NULL; jclass clsstring = env->FindClass("java/lang/String"); jstring strencode = env->NewStringUTF("utf-8"); jmethodID mid = env->GetMethodID(clsstring, "getBytes", "(Ljava/lang/String;)[B"); jbyteArray barr= (jbyteArray)env->CallObjectMethod(jstr, mid, strencode); jsize alen = env->GetArrayLength(barr); jbyte* ba = env->GetByteArrayElements(barr, JNI_FALSE); if (alen > 0) { rtn = (char*)malloc(alen + 1); memcpy(rtn, ba, alen); rtn[alen] = 0; } env->ReleaseByteArrayElements(barr, ba, 0); return rtn; } JNIEXPORT void msg(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz, jstring str) { char *pszstr = NULL; pszstr = jstringTostring(env, str); LOGI("%s", pszstr); free(pszstr); } /** * Table of methods associated with a single class. */static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = { { "msg", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V", (void*)msg}, }; /* * Register native methods for all classes we know about. */static int registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env) { int nError = 0; jclass clazz = NULL; clazz = env->FindClass(JNIREG_CLASS); if (clazz == NULL) { LOGE("clazz is null"); return JNI_FALSE; } nError = env->RegisterNatives(clazz, gMethods, sizeof(gMethods) / sizeof(gMethods[0]) ); if ( nError < 0 ) { LOGE("RegisterNatives error: %d num: %d",nError, sizeof(gMethods) / sizeof(gMethods[0]) ); return JNI_FALSE; } return JNI_TRUE; } /* * Set some test stuff up. * * Returns the JNI version on success, -1 on failure. */ JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void* reserved) { JNIEnv* env = NULL; jint result = -1; if(vm->GetEnv((void**) &env,JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK){ return -1; } assert(env != NULL); if (!registerNativeMethods(env)) { LOGE("registerNativeMethods failed"); return -1; } /* success -- return valid version number */ result = JNI_VERSION_1_6; return result; }
打开local.properties,设置正确的SDK路径和NDK路径:
sdk.dir=D\:/adt20131030/sdk ndk.dir=D\:/ndk
打开项目gradle/wrapper目录下的gradle-wrapper.properties文件,修改:
#Wed Apr 10 15:27:10 PDT 2013 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME distributionPath=wrapper/dists zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME zipStorePath=wrapper/dists distributionUrl=http\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-1.9-all.zip
#Wed Apr 10 15:27:10 PDT 2013 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME distributionPath=wrapper/dists zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME zipStorePath=wrapper/dists distributionUrl=http\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-1.10-all.zip
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules. buildscript { repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.7.+' } } allprojects { repositories { mavenCentral() } }
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules. buildscript { repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.9.+' } } allprojects { repositories { mavenCentral() } }
0.7.0 Requires Gradle 1.9 Requires Studio 0.4.0
0.9.0 Compatible with Gradle 1.10 and 1.11 Using Gradle 1.11 requires Android Studio 0.5.0
另外还需要注意的是gradle1.9下没有buildTypes标签,需要将debug、release标签直接放在android标签内,在gradle1.10下debug、release需要放在buildTypes标签内,buildTypes在android内。这里hellojni配置的build.gradle文件内容如下:
assert gradle.gradleVersion >= "1.10" apply plugin: 'android-library' android { compileSdkVersion 19 buildToolsVersion "19.0.3" defaultConfig { minSdkVersion 8 targetSdkVersion 16 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { runProguard false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.txt' ndk { moduleName "hellojni" abiFilters "armeabi", "armeabi-v7a", "x86" } } debug { ndk { moduleName "hellojni" //stl "stlport_shared" ldLibs "log", "z", "m" //cFlags "-Wall -Wextra -I " + projectDir + "/src/main/jni/include" abiFilters "armeabi", "armeabi-v7a", "x86" } } } productFlavors { x86 { versionCode Integer.parseInt("6" + defaultConfig.versionCode) ndk { abiFilter "x86" } } mips { versionCode Integer.parseInt("4" + defaultConfig.versionCode) ndk { abiFilter "mips" } } armv7 { versionCode Integer.parseInt("2" + defaultConfig.versionCode) ndk { abiFilter "armeabi-v7a" } } arm { versionCode Integer.parseInt("1" + defaultConfig.versionCode) ndk { abiFilters "armeabi", "armeabi-v7a" } } fat } } dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:19.+' compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) }
注意这里的Android.mk文件每次编译都会重新由工具自动生成,而非手动编辑的,我觉得这一点设计就比较差劲。例如如果想要使用log输出函数__android_log_print,需要添加“LOCAL_LDLIBS := -llog”,则在build.gradle文件中添加如下的配置:
debug { ndk { ldLibs "log" } }
右键工程选择Open Module Settings,选择Modules-app,打开Dependencies选项卡点击“+”号,选择Module dependency,在打开的对话框中选择hellojni。
但是测试发现设置依赖没有效果,如果直接编译app,hellojni并没有编译,仍需要手动编译hellojni。
调用native函数:
app项目中,在MainActivity类中声明native函数:
public native void msg(String str);
static {
System.loadLibrary("hellojni");
}
在MainActivity::onCreate中调用native函数打印一句log:
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); msg("MainActivity onCreate"); }
还需要将hellojni生成的so库文件打包进apk,仍需要配置build.gradle文件,添加:
task copyNativeLibs(type: Copy) { from fileTree(dir: '../hellojni/build/ndk/arm/debug/lib', include: 'armeabi/*.so') into 'build/lib' } tasks.withType(Compile) { compileTask -> compileTask.dependsOn copyNativeLibs } clean.dependsOn 'cleanCopyNativeLibs' tasks.withType(com.android.build.gradle.tasks.PackageApplication) { pkgTask -> pkgTask.jniFolders = [new File(buildDir, 'lib')] }
参考:“Android Studio添加so库”
http://blog.csdn.net/caesardadi/article/details/18264399
其中copyNativeLibs任务是从相对app的项目路径'../hellojni/build/ndk/arm/debug/lib'下复制所有armeabi子目录的so文件到本项目build目录下的lib目录中,执行效果:
这样最后打包生成的apk包才会包含有hellojni的so库文件。
测试:
编译运行app,apk安装完毕运行时输出log信息: