spark源码剖析之----Partitioner

每个RDD里面都有一个可选的分区策略方法，在Spark源码中关于Partitioner提供了Partitioner的抽象类，

/**
 * An object that defines how the elements in a key-value pair RDD are partitioned by key.
 * Maps each key to a partition ID, from 0 to `numPartitions - 1`.
 */
abstract class Partitioner extends Serializable {
  def numPartitions: Int
  def getPartition(key: Any): Int
}

Partitioner有一个伴生对象，在这个伴生对象里实现了一个defaultPartitioner的方法，这也是Spark默认的分区策略方法调用的地方。

  def defaultPartitioner(rdd: RDD[_], others: RDD[_]*): Partitioner = {
    val bySize = (Seq(rdd) ++ others).sortBy(_.partitions.size).reverse
    for (r <- bySize if r.partitioner.isDefined && r.partitioner.get.numPartitions > 0) {
      return r.partitioner.get
    }
    if (rdd.context.conf.contains("spark.default.parallelism")) {
      new HashPartitioner(rdd.context.defaultParallelism)
    } else {
      new HashPartitioner(bySize.head.partitions.size)
    }
  }

可见对Seq(rdd) ++ others中任何一个RDD遍历，若是有自定义的partitioner，则返回该partitioner，否则defaultPartitioner会生成HashPartitioner的实例，即默认采用的是HashPartitioner。HashPartitioner的初始化partition数目，取决于是否设置了spark.default.parallelism，如果没有的话就取RDD中partition数目最大的值。

需要注意的是HashPartitioner不支持类似RDD[Array[_]] or RDD[(Array[_], _)]的RDD。

HashPartitioner实现了抽象类Partitioner，对key进行hash处理，getPartition(key)方法返回的是partitionID，范围是0~numPartitions-1

  def getPartition(key: Any): Int = key match {
    case null => 0
    case _ => Utils.nonNegativeMod(key.hashCode, numPartitions)
  }

RangePartitioner处理的KV RDD要求Key是可排序的，即满足Scala的Ordered[K]类型。所以它的构造如下：

class RangePartitioner[K : Ordering : ClassTag, V](
    @transient partitions: Int,
    @transient rdd: RDD[_ <: Product2[K, V]],
    private var ascending: Boolean = true)
  extends Partitioner

计算一个rangBounds(上界)，让分区数目为：numPartitions= rangeBounds.length + 1，rangBounds的计算如下：

  // An array of upper bounds for the first (partitions - 1) partitions
  private var rangeBounds: Array[K] = {
    if (partitions <= 1) {
      Array.empty
    } else {
      // This is the sample size we need to have roughly balanced output partitions, capped at 1M.
      val sampleSize = math.min(20.0 * partitions, 1e6)
      // Assume the input partitions are roughly balanced and over-sample a little bit.
      val sampleSizePerPartition = math.ceil(3.0 * sampleSize / rdd.partitions.size).toInt
      val (numItems, sketched) = RangePartitioner.sketch(rdd.map(_._1), sampleSizePerPartition)
      if (numItems == 0L) {
        Array.empty
      } else {
        // If a partition contains much more than the average number of items, we re-sample from it
        // to ensure that enough items are collected from that partition.
        val fraction = math.min(sampleSize / math.max(numItems, 1L), 1.0)
        val candidates = ArrayBuffer.empty[(K, Float)]
        val imbalancedPartitions = mutable.Set.empty[Int]
        sketched.foreach { case (idx, n, sample) =>
          if (fraction * n > sampleSizePerPartition) {
            imbalancedPartitions += idx
          } else {
            // The weight is 1 over the sampling probability.
            val weight = (n.toDouble / sample.size).toFloat
            for (key <- sample) {
              candidates += ((key, weight))
            }
          }
        }
        if (imbalancedPartitions.nonEmpty) {
          // Re-sample imbalanced partitions with the desired sampling probability.
          val imbalanced = new PartitionPruningRDD(rdd.map(_._1), imbalancedPartitions.contains)
          val seed = byteswap32(-rdd.id - 1)
          val reSampled = imbalanced.sample(withReplacement = false, fraction, seed).collect()
          val weight = (1.0 / fraction).toFloat
          candidates ++= reSampled.map(x => (x, weight))
        }
        RangePartitioner.determineBounds(candidates, partitions)
      }
    }
  }

  def getPartition(key: Any): Int = {
    val k = key.asInstanceOf[K]
    var partition = 0
    if (rangeBounds.length <= 128) {
      // If we have less than 128 partitions naive search
      while (partition < rangeBounds.length && ordering.gt(k, rangeBounds(partition))) {
        partition += 1
      }
    } else {
      // Determine which binary search method to use only once.
      partition = binarySearch(rangeBounds, k)
      // binarySearch either returns the match location or -[insertion point]-1
      if (partition < 0) {
        partition = -partition-1
      }
      if (partition > rangeBounds.length) {
        partition = rangeBounds.length
      }
    }
    if (ascending) {
      partition
    } else {
      rangeBounds.length - partition
    }
  }