(一)实验要求:
1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达;
(二)实验top:
(三)实验思路:
(1)配IP地址与环回
(2)做全网通
(A)搞内网通,配缺省
(B)搞私网通
(1)用OSPF宣告网段(宣告IP地址、宣告接口所属网段、宣告整个区域大网段、懒人宣告)
(2)重发布
(3)配置MGRE环境:
(A)建隧道:
(B)配路由协议OSPF,传递私网路由(传递私网网段)
(3)做NAT
(4)做汇总、做防环、做特殊区域
(5)更改hello时间(进物理口)
(6)做认证(区域和接口两种选择)
(四)实验步骤:
(1)配IP地址与环回
R1:0
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
R2:
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.168.35.2 24
R3:
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]int s3/0/0
[R3-Serial3/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
R4(ISP):
[ISP]int s3/0/0
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[ISP-Serial3/0/0]int s4/0/0
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[ISP-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24
R5:
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24
R6:
[R6]int s4/0/1
[R6-Serial4/0/1]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24
R7:
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30
Aug 1 2024 00:25:00-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24
R8:
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24
R9:
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.192.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24
R10:
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.1 30
R11:
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.1 24
R12:
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.1 24
(2)做全网通
(A)搞内网通,配缺省
R3:
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
R5:
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
R6:
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
R7:
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
(B)搞私网通
(1)用OSPF宣告网段(宣告IP地址、宣告接口所属网段、宣告整个区域大网段、懒人宣告)
(a)区域1:
R1:
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255
R2:
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255
R3:
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255
检测:
(b)区域2
R6:
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255
R11:
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255
R12:
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
因为R12区域的环回全划分到RIP区域,所以要配RIP协议进程
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
(注:因为是主类宣告,掩码要比本区域的实际掩码还大,包含了宣布进OSPF的接口地址)
现在R6没学到RIP区域的网段,做路由引入(进入R12OSPF进程引入RIP)
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
(c)区域3
R7:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
R8:
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
R9:
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
(d)区域4
R9:
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
R10:
[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
(e)区域 0
R3:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.168.0.0 0.0.31.255
R5:
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.168.0.0 0.0.31.255
R6:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.168.0.0 0.0.31.255
R7:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.168.0.0 0.0.31.255
检测:
(2)重发布
骨干区域与非骨干区域相连用重发布:R9重发布使得R7学到区域4的网段(把进程1的网段引入进程2,进程2的网段引进区域1)
R9:
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
检测:
(3)配置MGRE环境:
(A)建隧道:
R3:
[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
R5:
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
R6:
[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/1
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
R7:
[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
检查中心站点NHRP的学习
dis nhrp peer all
(B)配路由协议OSPF,传递私网路由(传递私网网段)
(a)更改数据类型:(使用OSPF宣告完网段,领与中心可能不是FULL状态)(更改类型:点到多点和broadcast)
R3:
[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
R5:
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
R6:
[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
R7:
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
(b)更改R5、6、7DR的优先级(会存在DR与BDR的选取混乱)
R5:
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
R6:
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
R7:
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
检测:
测试全网通:
(3)要求4:
(A)做NAT(easy IP,删ACL是删ACL的编号 ]undo rule 5)
R3:
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R6:
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/1
[R6-Serial4/0/1]nat outbound 2000
R7:
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
现在除了R5其他路由器都没有ping通R4环回,因为其他区域路由器包被卡住了S口,因为只有R3、5、6、7、有缺省,其他路由器既没有明细路由也没有缺省路由(方法1.手动配缺省路由2.做特殊区域(区域0不能做但其他区域可以)ABR设备会向其他路由器自动下发一条路由缺省
(4)要求5:
(A)配汇总
(a)配路由聚合:对于区域0来说
做汇总:
区域间的聚合:(ABR设备上做)
R3:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
R6:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
R7:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
区域外的聚合:
R12:
[R12]ospf 1 arb
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
R9:
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
查看效果
做完汇总做防环
ABR:
R3:
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
R6:
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
R7:
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
ASBR:
R12:
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
R9:
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
(b)对于其他区域(除了区域0)来说还是有明细路由,做特殊区域(针对区域内)
做完全NSA
R6
[R6]ospf
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
R11
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
R12
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
R7
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
R8
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
R9
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
做完全末梢
R1
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
R2
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
R3
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
测试;
R10是域外,还没ping通R4环回
R9:(原则:R9上有默认缺省就不用带always,没有就带)
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
测试:
(5)加快收敛:更改hello时间(进物理口)
区域1(进接口)
R1:
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R3
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
区域2(进接口)
R6:
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R11:
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R12:
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
区域3(进接口)
R7:
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R8:
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R9:
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
区域4(进接口)
R9:
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
R10:
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
区域0(进隧道)
R3:
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int tunnel0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R5:
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R6:
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
R7:
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
测试还是不是全网通:
(6)保证更新安全:做认证(区域和接口两种选择)
区域1
R1:
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R2:
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R3:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
区域2:
R6:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R11:
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R12;
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
区域3:
R7:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R8:
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R9:
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
区域4:
R9:
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R10:
[R10]ospf 2
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
区域0:
R3:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R5:
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R6;
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
R7:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
测试: