jpa 学习笔记（01）——包，配置文件，helloworld

1. 需要的jar包及解释
2. 配置文件persistence.xml
3. 简单实例crud ——helloworld
4. 4种状态

1.需要的jar包及解释：

要开发jpa以下这些包都是必须手动导入的
hibernate-commons-annotations
hibernate-core
hibernate-entitymanager
javasist
剩余的jboss相关的4个包，还有antlr，dom4j是自动回加载进来的。
需要测试则导入junit，链接mysql数据库则导入mysql-connect-java包:
如下图：

2.persistenct.xml基础配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence
        http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd"
             version="2.1">
    <persistence-unit name="pro_persistence">
        <properties>
            <!--配置数据库连接-->
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpatest"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="chen123456"/>

            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create" />
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
        </properties>

    </persistence-unit>

</persistence>

3.jpa简单实例crud：

实体类：

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/1/2 0002.
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    private Long id;
    @Column(name = "name")
    private String name;
    @Column(name = "age")
    private int age;

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    //setter getter省略
....
}

增删改查crud 测试类：

public class JpaCrud {

    @Test//增
    public void save() {
         String persistenceUnitName="pro_persistence"; //pro_persistence为persistence.xml的名字
        EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(persistenceUnitName);//实体管理工厂，然后通过工厂创建(生产)实体管理器

            EntityManager entityManager=entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();//创建管理器
            EntityTransaction transaction=entityManager.getTransaction();//获取事务
            //开启事务
            transaction.begin();
            //持久化
            Employee employee=new Employee();
            employee.setName("zhangsan");
            employee.setAge(18);
            entityManager.merge(employee);
            //提交事务
            transaction.commit();
            //关闭资源
            entityManagerFactory.close();

    }
}

4种状态

• entityManager.setXX(); //临时状态
• entityManager.persist(实体对象); //持久状态
• entityManager.close(); //游离状态
• entityManager.delete(); //删除状态