g++ 编译选项 -m

gcc提供了编译选项可以为指定架构生成汇编代码，

These ‘-m’ switches are supported in addition to the above on x86-64 processors in 64-bit environments.
-m32    32位版：加上 -m32 参数，生成32位的汇编代码；
-m64     g++ -m64  加上 -m64 参数，生成64位的汇编代码；
-mx32
-m16

由于64位机器的寄存器比32位机器多很多，所以GCC编译器会尽量使用寄存器来传递参数，而不是32位机器下的压栈。

-miamcu Generate code for a 16-bit, 32-bit or 64-bit environment.

The ‘-m32’ option
sets int, long, and pointer types to 32 bits, and generates code that runs on any i386 system.
-m32选项将int，long和指针设置为32位，编译出来的是32位程序，既可在32位操作系统运行，又可在64位操作系统运行。
$ g++ size.cpp -O3 -m32 -o size
$ readelf -h ./size
Class:                             ELF32
 Machine:                           Intel 80386

The ‘-m64’ option 
sets int to 32 bits and long and pointer types to 64 bits, and generates code for the x86-64 architecture. For Darwin only the ‘-m64’ option also turns off the ‘-fno-pic’ and ‘-mdynamic-no-pic’ options.
-m64选项将int设置为32位和long，指针设置为64位，并为AMD的x86-64体系结构生成代码。
$ g++ size.cpp -O3 -o size
$ readelf -h ./size
 Class:                             ELF64
 Machine:                           Advanced Micro Devices X86-64

The ‘-mx32’ option
sets int, long, and pointer types to 32 bits, and generates code for the x86-64 architecture.
-mx32选项将int，long和指针设置为32位，并为AMD的x86-64体系结构生成代码。编译出的程序只能在x86-64上运行。
$ g++ size.cpp -O3 -mx32 -o size
$ readelf -h ./size
Class:                             ELF32
Machine:                           Advanced Micro Devices X86-64

The ‘-m16’ option is the same as ‘-m32’, except for that it outputs the code16gcc assembly directive at the beginning of the assembly output so
that the binary can run in 16-bit mode.

-m16，只有在32位的linux上才能使用，同样需要在编译内核时做设置，只有在32位内核中才有该选项，gcc同样也只有32位版本才支持。几乎没人使用，除了某些16位的嵌入式