调用系统照相机，并解决内存溢出

package com.gst.thinkpad.helloworld;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;

public class TakePhotoActivity extends Activity {
    ImageView imageView;  //显示图片
    File tempFullPath;//文件的目录
    Dialog dialog;      //提示框
    EditText editText;  //提示框中的输入框
    TextView textViewTitle;  //标题



    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (requestCode==1){
            if (resultCode==RESULT_OK){
                String sdState=Environment.getExternalStorageState();
                if (sdState.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
                    String path= tempFullPath.getAbsolutePath();
                    Toast.makeText(TakePhotoActivity.this,path, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

                    //可能会内存溢出
                    Bitmap bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path);
                    imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    //优化方法：http://www.jb51.net/article/34761.htm
                    //1.对图片本身进行操作
                    //  InputStream inputStream=this.getResources().openRawResource(R.mipmap.b);
                    Bitmap bitmap2;
                    InputStream inputStream=null;
                    try{
                        BitmapFactory.Options options=new BitmapFactory.Options();
                        options.inJustDecodeBounds=true;
                        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(tempFullPath.getAbsolutePath(),options);
                        int realWidth=options.outWidth;
                        options.inJustDecodeBounds=false;
                        options.inPreferredConfig= Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;
                        int thumbWidth=300;
                        if (thumbWidth>0){
                            options.inSampleSize=realWidth/thumbWidth;
                        }
                        inputStream=new FileInputStream(new File(tempFullPath.getAbsolutePath()));
                        bitmap2=BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream,null,options);
                        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap2);

                        SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=getSharedPreferences("info",Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                        SharedPreferences.Editor editor=sharedPreferences.edit();
                        //设置要存储的键值对
                        editor.putString("info",tempFullPath.getAbsolutePath());
                        //数据持久化
                        editor.commit();
                }catch (Exception e){

                    }
                }else {
                    Toast.makeText(TakePhotoActivity.this,"获取照片失败！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        }
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_take_photo);
        imageView=(ImageView)findViewById(R.id.imageViewPhoto);
        textViewTitle = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textViewTitle);

        //得到保存的昵称
        SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=getSharedPreferences("info",Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        String name=sharedPreferences.getString("name","none");
        textViewTitle.setText(name);

        //点击图片的事件
        imageView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //   String action= MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE;
                String action = "android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE";
                //创建文件目录
                File dir=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+File.separator+"photo");
                if (!dir.exists()){
                    dir.mkdir();
                }
                tempFullPath=new File(dir,System.currentTimeMillis()+".jpg");
                Uri uri=Uri.fromFile(tempFullPath);

                Intent intent = new Intent(action);
                intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,uri);
                startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
            }
        });

        //按钮的单击事件
        Button button=(Button)findViewById(R.id.buttonChangePhoto);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //更换图片
              /*  String sdState=Environment.getExternalStorageState();
                if (sdState.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
                    String path= Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
                            + File.separator+"Nightscape.jpg";
                    Bitmap bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path);
                    imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                }*/
              if (dialog==null){
                  AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(TakePhotoActivity.this);

                  //设置对话框参数
                  builder.setTitle("更换昵称");
                  builder.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert);
                  builder.setNegativeButton("取消", null);
                  builder.setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                      @Override
                      public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                          String newNameStr=editText.getText().toString();
                          textViewTitle.setText(newNameStr);
                          //通过SharedPreferences实现数据存储
                          SharedPreferences sharedPreferences=getSharedPreferences("info", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
                          SharedPreferences.Editor editor=sharedPreferences.edit();
                          editor.putString("name",newNameStr);
                          editor.commit();
                      }
                  });

                  //添加输入框
                  editText=new EditText(TakePhotoActivity.this);
                  builder.setView(editText);
                  //创建对话框
                  dialog=builder.create();
              }
                dialog.show();
            }
        });
        //实现列表
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_take_photo, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}