JavaWeb学习笔记（四）servletContext

上一篇：JavaWeb学习笔记（三）Servlet

 

一、简介

功能：在一个ServletContext中保存的变量，可以在另一个ServletContext中取到

实验：

建立两个Servlet类，在第一个中设置值，在第二个中取值（要先执行设置值的Servlet）

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = "年年";
        context.setAttribute("username",username);
    }
}

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class getContext extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字"+username);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--注册servlet-->
    <!--一个servlet对应一个mapping-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
        <!--请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>getContext</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
        <!--请求路径-->
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

 

二、详解三个内置方法

Ctrl + Alt + 鼠标左键可以快速查看源代码

新建对象

 

（1）获取初始化参数

web.xml

java类

 

 

（2）请求转发（一般不用此方法，用request）

转发到/gp，但浏览器中的地址不会改变，仍旧显示原先的地址

 

(3)获取资源propertise

 

读取资源

//读取资源
InputStreamis=this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
//加载资源
Propertiesprop=newProperties();
prop.load(is);

Stringuser=prop.getProperty("username");
Stringpwd=prop.getProperty("password");

resp.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);

​如果properties文件非要不写在resource文件夹下，可能打包时会出错，需要在pom.xml文件中加入一段代码：（因为我的没出错，无法实验）

<build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <excludes>
          <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>
          <exclude>**/*.xml</exclude>
        </excludes>
        <filtering>false</filtering>
      </resource>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.properties</include>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>false</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  </build>

 

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