Microsoft SQL Server Protocols

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• Citrix XenApp5.0培训 • 主讲:jaffee • XenApp 5.0 server • Farm:  Citrix XenApp server uses server farms to organize and manage servers.  load balance user sessions  manage the entire set of Citrix XenApp servers from a single point  Users can connect directly to applications, without needing to know the location of an individual server  reconnect to another server and receive the same environment as before when the sever crashs • TwoTechnology • ICA: Independent Computing Architecture  At its heart, ICA intercepts and transports screens from the server that a published application runs on to the client PC It then takes the user’s return input and transmits it back to the server for processing  ICA uses port 1494 by default, or 2598  What Is Actually Being Sent between an ICA Client and a XenApp Server?  ICA works by essentially piggybacking on top of other protocols such as TCP/IP、 UDP and IPX/SPX  The ICA client also can cache frequently used graphics such as icons and menu items • Citrix Session States • TwoTechnology • Independent Management Architecture(IMA)  It is a centralized management subsystem that allows you to define and control the elements of your server farm  Server-to-server communication occurs over TCP port 2512, PMC-to-server communication occurs over TCP port 2513  In essence, it is the technology that allows you to group servers • Citrix Datastore • S tore information within the Citrix XenApp server farm that remains relatively static. Items such as published applications, administrator names and permissions, and server listings • A single datastore is used for each individual server farm • T he datastore can reside on a Citrix XenApp server or on a dedicated host • Citrix XenApp supports Microsoft Access, MS SQL Express, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2 • Disk space requirements for the datastore are approximately 20 MB for every 100 servers • Datastore Usage • Access mode: direct mode and indirect mode  Direct mode :Microsoft SQL or Oracle  Indirect mod:Microsoft Access With the availability of three solutions for the datastore, how do you tell which one best fits your environment? • LHC :Local Host Cache • The LHC is a partial copy of the datastore database that every XenApp server maintains locally to the server itself  Continue running based on the configuration that is last received from the datastore  performance • Data Collector • Manage information that changes frequently, such as current sessions, active licenses, and server and application load values within a zone • The data collector acts as the central point of information when clients connect to your server farm • Every zone with a server farm consists of one active data collector • Bandwidth Requirements for a Server Farm • Server-to-Data-Store Communication KB = 275 + (5 * Servers) + (0.5 * Apps) + (92 * Print Drivers) A farm with 4 severs,12 published applications, and 6 print drivers KB = 275 + (5 * 4) + (0.5 * 12) + (92 * 6) KB = 275 + (20) + (6) + (552) KB = 275 + (578) KB = 853 • Bandwidth Requirements for a Server Farm • Data Collector Communication Bytes = 11000 + (1000 * Con) + (600 * Discon) + (350 * Apps) A server with 20 connected sessions, four disconnected sessions, and nine published applications Bytes = 11,000 + (1,000 * 20) + (600 * 4) + (350 * 9) Bytes = 11,000 + (20,000) + (2400) + (3150) Bytes = 11,000 + (25,550) Bytes = 36,550 or 36.55 KB • Listener Ports • Listener ports work in cooperation with internal system components and client connections • The listener service monitors new client connections and manages the idle sessions. • CPS4.5 vs XenApp 5.0 XenApp 2008/1 Presentation Server MetaFrame WinFrame Note: Xen App5.0:windows server 2003*/2008* CPS4.5 :windows server 2003 * • XenApp Server Editions • XenApp Edition Components • XenApp 5.0 Server License Server • XenApp server will not accept user connections until it can contact a License Server • Citrix provides a 96-hour initial grace period that will allow up to two users to connect while unable to connect to a License Server • Citrix XenApp client • the XenApp Plugin,the XenApp Web Plugin, and Program Neighborhood • Microsoft’s System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) IBM’s Tivoli Provisioning Manager are used to centralize deployment and maintain software • the XenApp Plugin • Launch applications from her Start | Programs menu • Step:  publishing an application to the XenApp farm  To launch an application from the System Tray icon  DISCONNECT, RECONNECT, AND LOG OFF OF AN APPLICATION WITH THE CONNECTION CENTER • the Citrix XenApp Web Plugin • The Web Plugin is the simplest of the Windows clients and does not allow for as much interaction or configuration. • often be deployed in scenarios where machines are older, slower, or not in need of additional configuration options such as the Start menu and desktop shortcuts • Program Neighborhood • Oldest ICA client version but the most advanced • Many settings are available to users as check boxes or radio buttons • good in the sense that users can enable a setting such as Local Text Echo for just their client if they are a fast typist and the latency of the session cannot keep up; and bad when a user can delete his application set and can’t get connected • the only client that connects to applications on a Citrix server that have not been published for access by users
02-23
ZeosDBO is a database middleware components for Borland development tools, including Delphi, C++ Builder and Kylix. The following compilers are supported: Delphi 5 - 7C++ Builder 5 - 6Kylix 2 - 3ZeosDBO supports direct connectivity to the following databases using the vendor provided, native interface: MySQL 3.20 - 4.1PostgreSQL 6.5 - 7.4Firebird 1.0 - 1.5Interbase 5.0 - 7.5Microsoft SQL Server 7, 2000Sybase ASE 12.0, 12.5Oracle 9iSQLite 2.8For other databases we propose to use implemented Active Data Objects (ADO) Bridge. Advantages of using ZeosDBO: Platform independance. The ZeosDBO is highly generic. Applications written in ZeosDBO can be migrated across databases without major changes. ZeosDBO is open source, written for usability and extensibility. ZeosDBO leverages the amazing power of the Delphi development environment without relying on a performance killing middleware. ZeosDBO is an extremely thin abstraction layer, unlike ‘thick‘ layered protocols like ADO and BDE. Package contents: ZCore - Core classes and interfaces. Contains Java style objects and collections as well as compatibility types and functions. ZParseSql - SQL specific for syntax and lexical analysis. ZPlain - Native plain API to supported SQL servers. ZDbc - Port of Java Database Connectivity API (JDBC 2.0). DBC API acts as intermediate layer between Plain API and highlevel TDataset or DBExpress components. ZComponent - visual components descended from TDataset. Installed components: TZConnection: This component encapsulates the database connection and transaction management. TZReadOnlyQuery: TDataset component to execute SQL queries and process data in read-only mode. TZQuery: TDataset component which allows data modifications in regular and cached mode. TZUpdateSQL: Analog of standard TUpdateSQL component to explicite definition of Insert/Update/Delete SQL statements for TDataset modifications. TZStoredProc: The component to execute SQL stored procedures. TZSQLProcessor: The component to execute SQL scripts for different SQL and various delimiter types. TZSQLMonitor: The component to monitor all outgoing SQL queries and other logging information. TZSQLMetadata: Specialized TDataset component which provides an access to database metadata such as tables, columns, indices, etc.
Database System Concepts——数据库系统概念第六版(英文版) 作者: Abraham Silberschatz (Yale University) Henry F. Korth (Lehigh University) S. Sudarshan (Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay) 本书目录: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Database-System Applications 1 1.2 Purpose of Database Systems 3 1.3 View of Data 6 1.4 Database Languages 9 1.5 Relational Databases 12 1.6 Database Design 15 1.7 Data Storage and Querying 20 1.8 Transaction Management 22 1.9 Database Architecture 23 1.10 Data Mining and Information Retrieval 25 1.11 Specialty Databases 26 1.12 Database Users and Administrators 27 1.13 History of Database Systems 29 1.14 Summary 31 Exercises 33 Bibliographical Notes 35 Chapter 2 Introduction to the RelationalModel 2.1 Structure of Relational Databases 39 2.2 Database Schema 42 2.3 Keys 45 2.4 Schema Diagrams 46 2.5 Relational Query Languages 47 2.6 Relational Operations 48 2.7 Summary 52 Exercises 53 Bibliographical Notes 55 Chapter 3 Introduction to SQL 3.1 Overview of the SQL Query Language 57 3.2 SQL Data Definition 58 3.3 Basic Structure of SQL Queries 63 3.4 Additional Basic Operations 74 3.5 Set Operations 79 3.6 Null Values 83 3.7 Aggregate Functions 84 3.8 Nested Subqueries 90 3.9 Modification of the Database 98 3.10 Summary 104 Exercises 105 Bibliographical Notes 112 Chapter 4 Intermediate SQL 4.1 Join Expressions 113 4.2 Views 120 4.3 Transactions 127 4.4 Integrity Constraints 128 4.5 SQL Data Types and Schemas 136 4.6 Authorization 143 4.7 Summary 150 Exercises 152 Bibliographical Notes 156 Chapter 5 Advanced SQL 5.1 Accessing SQL From a Programming Language 157 5.2 Functions and Procedures 173 5.3 Triggers 180 5.4 Recursive Queries 187 5.5 Advanced Aggregation Features 192 5.6 OLAP 197 5.7 Summary 209 Exercises 211 Bibliographical Notes 216 Chapter 6 Formal Relational Query Languages 6.1 The Relational Algebra 217 6.2 The Tuple Relational Calculus 239 6.3 The Domain Relational Calculus 245 6.4 Summary 248 Exercises 249 Bibliographical Notes 254 Chapter 7 Database Design and the E-R Model 7.1 Overview of the Design Process 259 7.2 The Entity-Relationship Model 262 7.3 Constraints 269 7.4 Removing Redundant Attributes in Entity Sets 272 7.5 Entity-Relationship Diagrams 274 7.6 Reduction to Relational Schemas 283 7.7 Entity-Relationship Design Issues 290 7.8 Extended E-R Features 295 7.9 Alternative Notations for Modeling Data 304 7.10 Other Aspects of Database Design 310 7.11 Summary 313 Exercises 315 Bibliographical Notes 321 Chapter 8 Relational Database Design 8.1 Features of Good Relational Designs 323 8.2 Atomic Domains and First Normal Form 327 8.3 Decomposition Using Functional Dependencies 329 8.4 Functional-Dependency Theory 338 8.5 Algorithms for Decomposition 348 8.6 Decomposition Using Multivalued Dependencies 355 8.7 More Normal Forms 360 8.8 Database-Design Process 361 8.9 Modeling Temporal Data 364 8.10 Summary 367 Exercises 368 Bibliographical Notes 374 Chapter 9 Application Design and Development 9.1 Application Programs and User Interfaces 375 9.2 Web Fundamentals 377 9.3 Servlets and JSP 383 9.4 Application Architectures 391 9.5 Rapid Application Development 396 9.6 Application Performance 400 9.7 Application Security 402 9.8 Encryption and Its Applications 411 9.9 Summary 417 Exercises 419 Bibliographical Notes 426 Chapter 10 Storage and File Structure 10.1 Overview of Physical Storage Media 429 10.2 Magnetic Disk and Flash Storage 432 10.3 RAID 441 10.4 Tertiary Storage 449 10.5 File Organization 451 10.6 Organization of Records in Files 457 10.7 Data-Dictionary Storage 462 10.8 Database Buffer 464 10.9 Summary 468 Exercises 470 Bibliographical Notes 473 Chapter 11 Indexing and Hashing 11.1 Basic Concepts 475 11.2 Ordered Indices 476 11.3 B+-Tree Index Files 485 11.4 B+-Tree Extensions 500 11.5 Multiple-Key Access 506 11.6 Static Hashing 509 11.7 Dynamic Hashing 515 11.8 Comparison of Ordered Indexing and Hashing 523 11.9 Bitmap Indices 524 11.10 Index Definition in SQL 528 11.11 Summary 529 Exercises 532 Bibliographical Notes 536 Chapter 12 Query Processing 12.1 Overview 537 12.2 Measures of Query Cost 540 12.3 Selection Operation 541 12.4 Sorting 546 12.5 Join Operation 549 12.6 Other Operations 563 12.7 Evaluation of Expressions 567 12.8 Summary 572 Exercises 574 Bibliographical Notes 577 Chapter 13 Query Optimization 13.1 Overview 579 13.2 Transformation of Relational Expressions 582 13.3 Estimating Statistics of Expression Results 590 13.4 Choice of Evaluation Plans 598 13.5 Materialized Views 607 13.6 Advanced Topics in Query Optimization 612 13.7 Summary 615 Exercises 617 Bibliographical Notes 622 Chapter 14 Transactions 14.1 Transaction Concept 627 14.2 A Simple Transaction Model 629 14.3 Storage Structure 632 14.4 Transaction Atomicity and Durability 633 14.5 Transaction Isolation 635 14.6 Serializability 641 14.7 Transaction Isolation and Atomicity 646 14.8 Transaction Isolation Levels 648 14.9 Implementation of Isolation Levels 650 14.10 Transactions as SQL Statements 653 14.11 Summary 655 Exercises 657 Bibliographical Notes 660 Chapter 15 Concurrency Control 15.1 Lock-Based Protocols 661 15.2 Deadlock Handling 674 15.3 Multiple Granularity 679 15.4 Timestamp-Based Protocols 682 15.5 Validation-Based Protocols 686 15.6 Multiversion Schemes 689 15.7 Snapshot Isolation 692 15.8 Insert Operations, Delete Operations, and Predicate Reads 697 15.9 Weak Levels of Consistency in Practice 701 15.10 Concurrency in Index Structures 704 15.11 Summary 708 Exercises 712 Bibliographical Notes 718 Chapter 16 Recovery System 16.1 Failure Classification 721 16.2 Storage 722 16.3 Recovery and Atomicity 726 16.4 Recovery Algorithm 735 16.5 Buffer Management 738 16.6 Failure with Loss of Nonvolatile Storage 743 16.7 Early Lock Release and Logical Undo Operations 744 16.8 ARIES 750 16.9 Remote Backup Systems 756 16.10 Summary 759 Exercises 762 Bibliographical Notes 766 Chapter 17 Database-System Architectures 17.1 Centralized and Client–Server Architectures 769 17.2 Server System Architectures 772 17.3 Parallel Systems 777 17.4 Distributed Systems 784 17.5 Network Types 788 17.6 Summary 791 Exercises 793 Bibliographical Notes 794 Chapter 18 Parallel Databases 18.1 Introduction 797 18.2 I/O Parallelism 798 18.3 Interquery Parallelism 802 18.4 Intraquery Parallelism 803 18.5 Intraoperation Parallelism 804 18.6 Interoperation Parallelism 813 18.7 Query Optimization 814 18.8 Design of Parallel Systems 815 18.9 Parallelism on Multicore Processors 817 18.10 Summary 819 Exercises 821 Bibliographical Notes 824 Chapter 19 Distributed Databases 19.1 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Databases 825 19.2 Distributed Data Storage 826 19.3 Distributed Transactions 830 19.4 Commit Protocols 832 19.5 Concurrency Control in Distributed Databases 839 19.6 Availability 847 19.7 Distributed Query Processing 854 19.8 Heterogeneous Distributed Databases 857 19.9 Cloud-Based Databases 861 19.10 Directory Systems 870 19.11 Summary 875 Exercises 879 Bibliographical Notes 883 Chapter 20 DataWarehousing andMining 20.1 Decision-Support Systems 887 20.2 DataWarehousing 889 20.3 Data Mining 893 20.4 Classification 894 20.5 Association Rules 904 20.6 Other Types of Associations 906 20.7 Clustering 907 20.8 Other Forms of Data Mining 908 20.9 Summary 909 Exercises 911 Bibliographical Notes 914 Chapter 21 Information Retrieval 21.1 Overview 915 21.2 Relevance Ranking Using Terms 917 21.3 Relevance Using Hyperlinks 920 21.4 Synonyms, Homonyms, and Ontologies 925 21.5 Indexing of Documents 927 21.6 Measuring Retrieval Effectiveness 929 21.7 Crawling and Indexing the Web 930 21.8 Information Retrieval: Beyond Ranking of Pages 931 21.9 Directories and Categories 935 21.10 Summary 937 Exercises 939 Bibliographical Notes 941 Chapter 22 Object-Based Databases 22.1 Overview 945 22.2 Complex Data Types 946 22.3 Structured Types and Inheritance in SQL 949 22.4 Table Inheritance 954 22.5 Array and Multiset Types in SQL 956 22.6 Object-Identity and Reference Types in SQL 961 22.7 Implementing O-R Features 963 22.8 Persistent Programming Languages 964 22.9 Object-Relational Mapping 973 22.10 Object-Oriented versus Object-Relational 973 22.11 Summary 975 Exercises 976 Bibliographical Notes 980 Chapter 23 XML 23.1 Motivation 981 23.2 Structure of XML Data 986 23.3 XML Document Schema 990 23.4 Querying and Transformation 998 23.5 Application Program Interfaces to XML 1008 23.6 Storage of XML Data 1009 23.7 XML Applications 1016 23.8 Summary 1019 Exercises 1021 Bibliographical Notes 1024 PART EIGHT ADVANCED TOPICS Chapter 24 Advanced Application Development 24.1 Performance Tuning 1029 24.2 Performance Benchmarks 1045 24.3 Other Issues in Application Development 1048 24.4 Standardization 1051 24.5 Summary 1056 Exercises 1057 Bibliographical Notes 1059 Chapter 25 Spatial and Temporal Data andMobility 25.1 Motivation 1061 25.2 Time in Databases 1062 25.3 Spatial and Geographic Data 1064 25.4 Multimedia Databases 1076 25.5 Mobility and Personal Databases 1079 25.6 Summary 1085 Exercises 1087 Bibliographical Notes 1089 Chapter 26 Advanced Transaction Processing 26.1 Transaction-Processing Monitors 1091 26.2 TransactionalWorkflows 1096 26.3 E-Commerce 1102 26.4 Main-Memory Databases 1105 26.5 Real-Time Transaction Systems 1108 26.6 Long-Duration Transactions 1109 26.7 Summary 1115 Exercises 1117 Bibliographical Notes 1119 Chapter 27 PostgreSQL 27.1 Introduction 1123 27.2 User Interfaces 1124 27.3 SQL Variations and Extensions 1126 27.4 Transaction Management in PostgreSQL 1137 27.5 Storage and Indexing 1146 27.6 Query Processing and Optimization 1151 27.7 System Architecture 1154 Bibliographical Notes 1155 Chapter 28 Oracle 28.1 Database Design and Querying Tools 1157 28.2 SQL Variations and Extensions 1158 28.3 Storage and Indexing 1162 28.4 Query Processing and Optimization 1172 28.5 Concurrency Control and Recovery 1180 28.6 System Architecture 1183 28.7 Replication, Distribution, and External Data 1188 28.8 Database Administration Tools 1189 28.9 Data Mining 1191 Bibliographical Notes 1191 Chapter 29 IBM DB2 Universal Database 29.1 Overview 1193 29.2 Database-Design Tools 1194 29.3 SQL Variations and Extensions 1195 29.4 Storage and Indexing 1200 29.5 Multidimensional Clustering 1203 29.6 Query Processing and Optimization 1207 29.7 Materialized Query Tables 1212 29.8 Autonomic Features in DB2 1214 29.9 Tools and Utilities 1215 29.10 Concurrency Control and Recovery 1217 29.11 System Architecture 1219 29.12 Replication, Distribution, and External Data 1220 29.13 Business Intelligence Features 1221 Bibliographical Notes 1222 Chapter 30 Microsoft SQL Server 30.1 Management, Design, and Querying Tools 1223 30.2 SQL Variations and Extensions 1228 30.3 Storage and Indexing 1233 30.4 Query Processing and Optimization 1236 30.5 Concurrency and Recovery 1241 30.6 System Architecture 1246 30.7 Data Access 1248 30.8 Distributed Heterogeneous Query Processing 1250 30.9 Replication 1251 30.10 Server Programming in .NET 1253 30.11 XML Support 1258 30.12 SQL Server Service Broker 1261 30.13 Business Intelligence 1263 Bibliographical Notes 1267
Part I Overview 1. The Evolution of Microsoft SQL Server: 1989 to 2000 [加入我的離線書架] . SQL Server: The Early Years . Ron's Story . Kalen's Story . Microsoft SQL Server Ships . Development Roles Evolve . OS/2 and Friendly Fire . SQL Server 4.2 . SQL Server for Windows NT . Success Brings Fundamental Change . The End of Joint Development . The Charge to SQL95 . The Next Version . The Secret of the Sphinx . Software for the New Century 2. A Tour of SQL Server [加入我的離線書架] . The SQL Server Engine . DBMS-Enforced Data Integrity . Transaction Processing . Symmetric Server Architecture . Security . High Availability . Distributed Data Processing . Data Replication . Systems Management . SQL Server Utilities and Extensions . Client Development Interfaces . Summary Part II Architectural Overview 3. SQL Server Architecture [加入我的離線書架] . The SQL Server Engine . Managing Memory . Transaction Logging and Recovery . The SQL Server Kernel And Interaction With The Operating System . Summary Part III Using Microsoft SQL Server 4. Planning for and Installing SQL Server [加入我的離線書架] . SQL Server Editions . Hardware Guidelines . Hardware Components . The Operating System . The File System . Security and the User Context . Licensing . Network Protocols . Collation . Multiple Instances . Installing SQL Server . Basic Configuration After Installation . Remote and Unattended Installation . Summary 5. Databases and Database Files [加入我的離線書架] . Special System Databases . Database Files . Creating a Database . Expanding and Shrinking a Database . Changes in Log Size . Using Database Filegroups . Altering a Database . Databases Under the Hood . Setting Database Options . Other Database Considerations . Backing Up and Restoring a Database . Summary 6. Tables [加入我的離線書架] . Creating Tables . User-Defined Datatypes . Identity Property . Internal Storage . Constraints . Altering a Table . Temporary Tables . System Tables . Summary 7. Querying Data [加入我的離線書架] . The SELECT Statement . Joins . Dealing with NULL . Subqueries . Views and Derived Tables . Other Search Expressions . Summary 8. Indexes [加入我的離線書架] . Index Organization . Creating an Index . The Structure of Index Pages . Index Space Requirements . Managing an Index . Special Indexes . Using an Index . Summary 9. Modifying Data [加入我的離線書架] . Basic Modification Operations . Data Modification Internals . Summary 10. Programming with Transact-SQL [加入我的離線書架] . Transact-SQL as a Programming Language . Transact-SQL Programming Constructs . Transact-SQL Examples and Brainteasers . Full-Text Searching . Summary 11. Batches, Stored Procedures, and Functions [加入我的離線書架] . Batches . Routines . Stored Procedures . User-Defined Functions . Rewriting Stored Procedures as Functions . Rolling Your Own System Routines . Executing Batches,or What's Stored About Stored Procedures (and Functions)? . Temporary Stored Procedures . Autostart Stored Procedures . System Stored Procedures . Execute("any string") . Summary 12. Transactions and Triggers [加入我的離線書架] . Transactions . Triggers . Summary 13. Special Transact-SQL Operations: Working with Cursors and Large Objects [加入我的離線書架] . Cursor Basics . Cursors and ISAMs . Cursor Models . Appropriate Use of Cursors . Working with Transact-SQL Cursors . Cursor Variables . Working with Text and Image Data . Summary Part IV Performance and Tuning 14. Locking [加入我的離線書架] . The Lock Manager . Lock Types for User Data . Lock Compatibility . Internal Locking Architecture . Bound Connections . Row-Level vs. Page-Level Locking . Locking Hints and Trace Flags . Summary 15. The Query Processor [加入我的離線書架] . The SQL Manager . Compilation and Optimization . The Procedure Cache . Using Stored Procedures and Caching Mechanisms . Execution . Summary 16. Query Tuning [加入我的離線書架] . The Development Team . Application and Database Design . Planning for Peak Usage . Perceived Response Time for Interactive Systems . Prototyping, Benchmarking, and Testing . Creating Useful Indexes . Monitoring Query Performance . Concurrency and Consistency Tradeoffs . Resolving Blocking Problems . Resolving Deadlock Problems . Segregating OLTP and DSS Applications . Environmental Concerns . Summary 17. Configuration and Performance Monitoring [加入我的離線書架] . Operating System Configuration Settings . SQL Server Configuration Settings . System Maintenance . Monitoring System Behavior . Summary Bibliography and Suggested Reading

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