Python matplotlib折线图，散点图的绘制

简单折线图绘制

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

input_value = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# 绘制点并且用线连接起来
plt.plot(input_value, squares, linewidth=5)

# 设置标题， 以及给坐标轴加上标签
plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=14)
plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14)

# 设置刻度标记大小
plt.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=14)
# 显示
plt.show()

简单散点图绘制

• 少量数据的散点图
  

  #!/usr/bin/env python3
  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
  x_value = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  y_value = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
  
  plt.scatter(x_value, y_value, s=200)
  
  # 设置标题， 以及给坐标轴加上标签
  plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=14)
  plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14)
  plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14)
  
  # 设置刻度标记大小
  plt.tick_params(axis="both", which="major", labelsize=14)
  
  # 显示
  plt.show()
  

• 大量数据的散点图
  

  #!/usr/bin/env python3
  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
  x_value = [i for i in range(1000)]
  y_value = [i * i for i in x_value]
  
  # edgecolors="none" 删除数据点的轮廓
  # c: 设置颜色
  plt.scatter(x_value, y_value, c='red', edgecolors="none", s=20)
  
  # 设置标题， 以及给坐标轴加上标签
  plt.title("Square Numbers", fontsize=14)
  plt.xlabel("Value", fontsize=14)
  plt.ylabel("Square of Value", fontsize=14)
  
  # 设置每个坐标轴的取值范围
  plt.axis([0, 1100, 0, 1100000])
  
  # 保存图表
  # bbox_inches="tight" : 裁剪掉多余的空白区域
  plt.savefig("scatter_plot.png", bbox_inches="tight")
  
  # 显示
  plt.show()
  

随机漫步

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from random import choice
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


class RandomWalk(object):
    def __init__(self, num_points=5000):
        self.num_points = num_points

        self.x_values = [0]
        self.y_values = [0]

    def fill_walk(self):
        while len(self.x_values) < self.num_points:
            x_direction = choice([1, -1])
            x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            x_step = x_direction * x_distance

            y_direction = choice([1, -1])
            y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            y_step = y_direction * y_distance

            if x_step == 0 and y_step == 0:
                continue

            next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step

            self.x_values.append(next_x)
            self.y_values.append(next_y)


rw = RandomWalk()
rw.fill_walk()
plt.scatter(rw.x_values, rw.y_values, s=10)
plt.show()