PC软件开发技术之三：C#操作SQLite数据库

我们在开发应用是经常会需要用到一些数据的存储，存储的方式有多种，使用数据库是一种比较受大家欢迎的方式。但是对于一些小型的应用，如一些移动APP，通常的数据库过于庞大，而轻便的SQLite则能解决这一问题。不但操作方便，而且只需要要一个文件即可，在这里我们来说一说使用C#语言操作SQLite数据库。

1、SQLite简介

SQLite，是一款轻型的数据库，是遵守ACID的关系型数据库管理系统，它包含在一个相对小的C库中。它是D.RichardHipp建立的公有领域项目。它的设计目标是嵌入式的，而且目前已经在很多嵌入式产品中使用了它，它占用资源非常的低，在嵌入式设备中，可能只需要几百K的内存就够了。它能够支持Windows/Linux/Unix等等主流的操作系统，同时能够跟很多程序语言相结合，比如 Tcl、C#、PHP、Java等，还有ODBC接口，同样比起MySQL、PostgreSQL这两款开源的世界著名数据库管理系统来讲，它的处理速度比他们都快。

如果想了解更多关于SQLite的问题，可以访问它的官方网站：http://www.sqlite.org/

2、开始前的准备

在开始之前我们需要准备必要的开发环境，这次咱们使用的是Visual Studio 2015开发环境，但是我们开发基于SQLite的应用光有VS2015还不够。我需要到SQLite的官方网站下载并安装SQLite。

在SQLite官网找到下载，有应用于各种环境的SQLite组件及源码，我们选择Precompiled Binaries for .NET，这是应用于.NET开发环境的，点击进入会看到应用于.NET2.0直至4.6以及32位和64位平台的各个版本。我们选择Setups for 32-bit Windows (.NET Framework 4.6)下载安装即可。

3、C#操作SQLite的封装

在完成开发环境的准备之后，我们接下来实现对SQLite操作的必要封装，以进一步降低在具体应用中的使用难度。在这里我们只是封装一些常用而且必要的功能。   

 public class SQLiteHelper
    {
        //创建数据库文件
        public static void CreateDBFile(string fileName)
        {
            string path = System.Environment.CurrentDirectory + @"/Data/";
            if (!Directory.Exists(path))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(path);
            }
            string databaseFileName = path + fileName;
            if (!File.Exists(databaseFileName))
            {
                SQLiteConnection.CreateFile(databaseFileName);
            }
        }

        //生成连接字符串

        private static string CreateConnectionString()
        {
            SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder connectionString = new SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder();
            connectionString.DataSource = @"data/ScriptHelper.db";

            string conStr = connectionString.ToString();
            return conStr;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 对插入到数据库中的空值进行处理
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static object ToDbValue(object value)
        {
            if (value == null)
            {
                return DBNull.Value;
            }
            else
            {
                return value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 对从数据库中读取的空值进行处理
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static object FromDbValue(object value)
        {
            if (value == DBNull.Value)
            {
                return null;
            }
            else
            {
                return value;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行非查询的数据库操作
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sqlString">要执行的sql语句</param>
        /// <param name="parameters">参数列表</param>
        /// <returns>返回受影响的条数</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string sqlString, params SQLiteParameter[] parameters)
        {
            string connectionString=CreateConnectionString();
            using (SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString))
            {
                conn.Open();
                using (SQLiteCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
                {
                    cmd.CommandText = sqlString;
                    foreach (SQLiteParameter parameter in parameters)
                    {
                        cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                    }
                    return cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行查询并返回查询结果第一行第一列
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sqlString">SQL语句</param>
        /// <param name="sqlparams">参数列表</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string sqlString, params SQLiteParameter[] parameters)
        {
            string connectionString = CreateConnectionString();
            using (SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString))
            {
                conn.Open();
                using (SQLiteCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
                {
                    cmd.CommandText = sqlString;
                    foreach (SQLiteParameter parameter in parameters)
                    {
                        cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                    }
                    return cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 查询多条数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sqlString">SQL语句</param>
        /// <param name="parameters">参数列表</param>
        /// <returns>返回查询的数据表</returns>
        public static DataTable GetDataTable(string sqlString,params SQLiteParameter[] parameters)
        {
            string connectionString = CreateConnectionString();
            using (SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString))
            {
                conn.Open();
                using (SQLiteCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand())
                {
                    cmd.CommandText = sqlString;
                    foreach (SQLiteParameter parameter in parameters)
                    {
                        cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                    }
                    DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                    SQLiteDataAdapter adapter = new SQLiteDataAdapter(cmd);
                    adapter.Fill(ds);
                    return ds.Tables[0];
                }
            }
        }
    }

4、应用实例

上面封装完了之后，我们就是使用上面封装的函数来实际操作SQLite数据库。对数据库的应用实例无非就是对各种对象的增、删、改、查。我没列举一个对源码类型对象的各种操作实例如下：

    

public class ScriptTypeDAL
    {
        public ScriptTypeM ToScriptType(DataRow row)
        {
            ScriptTypeM type = new ScriptTypeM();
            type.ScriptTypeId = (Guid)row["ScriptTypeId"];
            type.ScriptType = (string)row["ScriptType"];
            type.IsUsing = (bool)row["IsUsing"];
            return type;
        }

        public void Insert(ScriptTypeM Type)
        {
            SQLiteHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(@"insert into TB_ScriptType(ScriptTypeId,ScriptType,IsUsing)
                                           Values(@ScriptTypeId,@ScriptType,1)",
                                           new SQLiteParameter("ScriptTypeId", Type.ScriptTypeId),
                                           new SQLiteParameter("ScriptType", Type.ScriptType));
        }

        public void Update(ScriptTypeM Type)
        {
            SQLiteHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(@"update TB_ScriptType set ScriptType=@ScriptType,
                                           IsUsing=@IsUsing where ScriptTypeId=@ScriptTypeId",
                                           new SQLiteParameter("ScriptType", Type.ScriptType),
                                           new SQLiteParameter("IsUsing", Type.IsUsing),
                                           new SQLiteParameter("ScriptTypeId", Type.ScriptTypeId));

        }

        public ScriptTypeM GetbyId(Guid id)
        {
            DataTable table = SQLiteHelper.GetDataTable("select * from TB_ScriptType where ScriptTypeId=@id",
                                                        new SQLiteParameter("id", id));
            if (table.Rows.Count <= 0)
            {
                return null;
            }
            else if (table.Rows.Count > 1)
            {
                throw new Exception("Id重复！");
            }
            else
            {
                return ToScriptType(table.Rows[0]);
            }
        }

        public ScriptTypeM GetbyName(string name)
        {
            DataTable table = SQLiteHelper.GetDataTable("select * from TB_ScriptType where ScriptType=@name",
                                                        new SQLiteParameter("name", name));
            if (table.Rows.Count <= 0)
            {
                return null;
            }
            else if (table.Rows.Count > 1)
            {
                throw new Exception("类型名称重复！");
            }
            else
            {
                return ToScriptType(table.Rows[0]);
            }
        }

        public ScriptTypeM[] ListAll()
        {
            DataTable table = SQLiteHelper.GetDataTable("select * from TB_ScriptType where IsUsing=1");
            ScriptTypeM[] type = new ScriptTypeM[table.Rows.Count];
            for (int i = 0; i < table.Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                type[i] = ToScriptType(table.Rows[i]);
            }
            return type;
        }

        public ScriptTypeM[] Search(string sql, List<SQLiteParameter> parameterList)
        {
            DataTable table = SQLiteHelper.GetDataTable(sql, parameterList.ToArray());
            ScriptTypeM[] type = new ScriptTypeM[table.Rows.Count];
            for (int i = 0; i < table.Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                type[i] = ToScriptType(table.Rows[i]);
            }
            return type;
        }
    }

SQLite数据库小巧而且应用方便，在一些小型应用和嵌入式应用中很有优势，当然如何应用的得心应手就看个人了。

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