Python3.6国际化

安装完Python软件之后，在Python安装目录下面会自带国际化的程序。比如：我的Python安装目录为D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3，因此国际化程序所在目录就是D:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\Tools\i18n。其国际化目录下面包含几个文件：

Python国际化可以根据以下四个步骤来做：
1>首先将需要国际化的目标字符串使用_()包起来，注意：如果目标字符串中含有格式化字符串，只需要把字符串部分包起来即可。
2>使用上面的Python国际化程序pygettext来生成pot文件
3>使用poedit软件编辑pot文件，选择要翻译的目标语言，翻译pot文件
4>将翻译完毕的目标文件保存到”locale/目标语言编码/LS_MESSAGES”目录，如果要保存的目录不存在，需要手动创建。
以网上的一段程序guess.py为例：

# This is a guess the number game.
import random

guessesTaken = 0

print('Hello! What is your name?')
myName = input()

number = random.randint(1, 20)
print('Well, %s, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.' % (myName))

while guessesTaken < 6:
    print('Take a guess.')
    guess = input()
    guess = int(guess)

    guessesTaken = guessesTaken + 1

    if guess < number:
        print('Your guess is too low.')

    if guess > number:
        print('Your guess is too high.')

    if guess == number:
        break

if guess == number:
    guessesTaken = str(guessesTaken)
    print('Good job, %s! You guessed my number in %s guesses!' % (myName, guessesTaken))

if guess != number:
    number = str(number)
    print('Nope. The number I was thinking of was %s.' % (number))

执行国际化第一步的结果如下：

# This is a guess the number game.
import random

guessesTaken = 0

print(_('Hello! What is your name?'))
myName = input()

number = random.randint(1, 20)
print(_('Well, %s, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.') % (myName))

while guessesTaken < 6:
    print(_('Take a guess.'))
    guess = input()
    guess = int(guess)

    guessesTaken = guessesTaken + 1

    if guess < number:
        print(_('Your guess is too low.'))

    if guess > number:
        print(_('Your guess is too high.'))

    if guess == number:
        break

if guess == number:
    guessesTaken = str(guessesTaken)
    print(_('Good job, %s! You guessed my number in %s guesses!') % (myName, guessesTaken))

if guess != number:
    number = str(number)
    print(_('Nope. The number I was thinking of was %s.') % (number))

执行国际化第二步的结果，生成的pot文件内容如下：

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-07 13:10+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=cp936\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"


#: guess.py:10
msgid "Hello! What is your name?"
msgstr ""

#: guess.py:14
msgid "Well, %s, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20."
msgstr ""

#: guess.py:17
msgid "Take a guess."
msgstr ""

#: guess.py:24
msgid "Your guess is too low."
msgstr ""

#: guess.py:27
msgid "Your guess is too high."
msgstr ""

#: guess.py:34
msgid "Good job, %s! You guessed my number in %s guesses!"
msgstr ""

#: guess.py:38
msgid "Nope. The number I was thinking of was %s."
msgstr ""

执行国际化第三步的结果，最终翻译结果如下：

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-07 13:10+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-07 13:38+0800\n"
"Language-Team: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.0.6\n"
"Last-Translator: \n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
"Language: zh_CN\n"

#: guess.py:10
msgid "Hello! What is your name?"
msgstr "你好，你的名字叫什么？"

#: guess.py:14
msgid "Well, %s, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20."
msgstr "好吧，%s，我正在考虑的数字在1到20之间。"

#: guess.py:17
msgid "Take a guess."
msgstr "猜一猜。"

#: guess.py:24
msgid "Your guess is too low."
msgstr "你的猜测太小。"

#: guess.py:27
msgid "Your guess is too high."
msgstr "你的猜测结果太大。"

#: guess.py:34
msgid "Good job, %s! You guessed my number in %s guesses!"
msgstr "干得漂亮，%s！你猜了%s次就猜对了我的数字！"

#: guess.py:38
msgid "Nope. The number I was thinking of was %s."
msgstr "不对，我正在考虑的数字是%s。"

执行国际化的第四步，pot文件内容翻译后，保存到项目根目录下locale/zh_Hans/LC_MESSAGES文件夹下，我的项目目录结构如下：

最终保存后的翻译文件为guess.po和guess.mo（guess.po编译后生成的文件。）

至此，Python国际化已经完成。
下面进入测试，需要完善guess.py程序文件，完善后内容如下：

# This is a guess the number game.
import random
import gettext
zh_Hans = gettext.translation('guess', localedir='locale', languages=['zh_Hans'])
zh_Hans.install()


guessesTaken = 0

print(_('Hello! What is your name?'))
myName = input()

number = random.randint(1, 20)
print(_('Well, %s, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.') % (myName))

while guessesTaken < 6:
    print(_('Take a guess.'))
    guess = input()
    guess = int(guess)

    guessesTaken = guessesTaken + 1

    if guess < number:
        print(_('Your guess is too low.'))

    if guess > number:
        print(_('Your guess is too high.'))

    if guess == number:
        break

if guess == number:
    guessesTaken = str(guessesTaken)
    print(_('Good job, %s! You guessed my number in %s guesses!') % (myName, guessesTaken))

if guess != number:
    number = str(number)
    print(_('Nope. The number I was thinking of was %s.') % (number))

测试结果如下：