delorean使用教程

首先，确定几个概念。

• navie datetime:没有指定时区的datetime对象
• localized datetime:指定时区的datetime对象
• localizing:指定市区的的navie datetime
• normalizing:datetime时区切换

一些例子

首先，导入Delorean，然后使用UTC格式的当前时间创建一个datetime

>>> from delorean import Delorean
>>> d = Delorean()
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 12, 6, 10, 33, 110674),  timezone='UTC')

简单的时区切换

>>> d = d.shift('US/Eastern')
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 12, 1, 10, 38, 102223), timezone='US/Eastern')

转换成datetime

>>> d.datetime
datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 12, 01, 10, 38, 102223, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'US/Eastern' EST-1 day, 19:00:00 STD>)
>>> d.date
datetime.date(2013, 1, 12)

查看无时区时间及时间戳

>>> d.naive()
datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 12, 1, 10, 38, 102223)
>>> d.epoch()
1357971038.102223

用unix时间戳初始化Delorean

>>> from delorean import epoch
>>> epoch(1357971038.102223).shift("US/Eastern")
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 12, 1, 10, 38, 102223), timezone='US/Eastern')

初始化后，就可以方便的切换到自己所需的时区
Delorean也可以使用指定的datetime对象进行初始化，Delorean会自动处理时区和时间

>>> tz = timezone("US/Pacific")
>>> dt = tz.localize(datetime.utcnow())
datetime.datetime(2013, 3, 16, 5, 28, 11, 536818, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'US/Pacific' PDT-1 day, 17:00:00 DST>)
>>> d = Delorean(datetime=dt)
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 3, 16, 5, 28, 11, 536818), timezone='US/Pacific')
>>> d = Delorean(datetime=dt, timezone="US/Eastern")
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 3, 16, 5, 28, 11, 536818), timezone='US/Pacific')

Delorean支持timedelta的时间加减法。Delorean可以使用timedelta进行加减，得到一个Delorean对象

>>> d = Delorean()
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2014, 6, 3, 19, 22, 59, 289779), timezone='UTC')
>>> d += timedelta(hours=2)
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2014, 6, 3, 21, 22, 59, 289779), timezone='UTC')
>>> d - timedelta(hours=2)
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2014, 6, 3, 19, 22, 59, 289779), timezone='UTC')
>>> d2 = d + timedelta(hours=2)
>>> d2 - d
datetime.timedelta(0, 7200)

Delorean提供多种方法获取一个指定的时间，如明年或者下周三
Delorean提供了一些方便的方法进行如上操作。

>>> d = Delorean()
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 20, 19, 41, 6, 207481), timezone='UTC')
>>> d.next_tuesday()
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 22, 19, 41, 6, 207481), timezone='UTC')
>>> d.last_tuesday()
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 15, 19, 41, 6, 207481), timezone='UTC')
>>> d.last_tuesday(2).midnight()
datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 8, 0, 0, tzinfo=<UTC>)

过滤

通常情况下我们不关心有多少微妙或者多少秒。例如，我们很难区别同一分钟的两个datetime对象。我们补习吧不关心的字段设置为0。
Delorean提供了很方便的方法按照微妙、秒、分钟、小时进行过滤

>>> d = Delorean()
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 21, 3, 34, 30, 418069), timezone='UTC')
>>> d.truncate('second')
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 21, 3, 34, 30), timezone='UTC')
>>> d.truncate('hour')
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 21, 3, 0), timezone='UTC')

同样，也支持按照年、月份

>>> d = Delorean(datetime=datetime(2012, 5, 15, 03, 50, 00, 555555), timezone="US/Eastern")
>>> d
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2012, 5, 15, 3, 50, 0, 555555), timezone='US/Eastern')
>>> d.truncate('month')
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2012, 5, 1), timezone='US/Eastern')
>>> d.truncate('year')
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1), timezone='US/Eastern')

字符串处理

另一个麻烦事是处理datetime格式的字符串。Delorean可以很方便的处理

>>> from delorean import parse
>>> parse("2011/01/01 00:00:00 -0700")
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 1, 7), timezone='UTC')  

歧义字段的处理

Delorean提供了两个字段dayfirst=True and yearfirst=True用来处理相应格式的字符串，如果dayfirst和yearfirst是True

默认情况下，对于May 6th, 2013格式，Delorean返回‘2013-05-06

>>> parse("2018-05-06")
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 5, 0, 0), timezone='UTC')

可以使用 dayfirst=Fasle表明 日在月之后

>>> parse("2018-05-06",dayfirst=False)
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 6, 0, 0), timezone='UTC')

补充问题

在使用Delorean 切换时区并存入数据库时（需要使用datetime格式写入），遇到了去掉时区时间就返回的问题。

>>> raw_date = '2018-09-06 01:00:00.834000'
>>> parse(raw_date,dayfirst=False)
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 6, 1, 0, 0, 834000), timezone='UTC')
>>> parse(raw_date,dayfirst=False).shift("Asia/Shanghai")
Delorean(datetime=datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 6, 9, 0, 0, 834000), timezone='Asia/Shanghai')
>>> parse(raw_date,dayfirst=False).shift("Asia/Shanghai").datetime
datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 6, 9, 0, 0, 834000, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Asia/Shanghai' CST+8:00:00 STD>)
>>> str(parse(raw_date,dayfirst=False).shift("Asia/Shanghai").naive)
'2018-09-06 01:00:00.834000'
>>> str(parse(raw_date,dayfirst=False).shift("Asia/Shanghai").datetime)
'2018-09-06 09:00:00.834000+08:00'
>>> str(parse(raw_date,dayfirst=False).shift("Asia/Shanghai").datetime)[:-6]
'2018-09-06 09:00:00.834000'

最终通过字符串切片来解决问题 拿到理想数据

参考文章 https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003780699