【python】 pygame学习示例 --飞机大战小游戏制作

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-20 17:01:50 发布

冲鸭嘟嘟可

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-20 17:01:50 发布

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文章标签： python pygame 学习开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/fuhao6363/article/details/128855564

版权

项目环境

python版本：3.8.5

所需模块：pygame random os

pygame版本：20.1

开发环境：pycharm专业版

硬件环境：win11 8G内存以上

项目介绍

使用python的第三方库–pygame 制作飞机大战小游戏

小游戏的内容包括：

玩家player的移动
子弹的发射
陨石的随机掉落(包括旋转大小下落角度)
玩家子弹陨石的碰撞交互
血量条
积分计数
游戏道具随机生成

完成总计时长：

6小时

图片预览

在这里插入图片描述

笔记

初始化 pygame ：pygame.init()
创建窗口：screen = pygame.display.set_mode([width,height])
加载图片资源：：pic = pygame.image.load(“图片”)
加载音乐资源：pygame.mixer.music.load(‘音乐’)
os库查找文件：os.path.join(‘文件夹’，’文件‘)
yx = pygame.mixer.Sound(“f音效”)
播放音效：yx.play()
获取所有的事件： pygame.event.get()

源码

import pygame
import random
import os

#游戏内的常量
FPS = 60
WIDTH = 500
HEIGHT = 600
WHITE = (255,255,255)
GREEN = (0,255,0)
RED =(255,0,0)
YELLOW = (255,255,0)
BLACK = (0,0,0)

#游戏初始化
pygame.init()
pygame.mixer.init()#初始化声音混合器
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("飞机大战")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

#引入图片文件
#os.path.join可以寻找到图片文件 convert方法可以把东西转化为对象
background_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img","background.png")).convert()
player_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img","player.png")).convert()
player_mini_img = pygame.transform.scale(player_img,(25,20)) #scale是改变大小的方法
player_mini_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
rock_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img","rock.png")).convert()
bullet_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img","bullet.png")).convert()
#存储许多陨石图片
rock_images = []
for i in range(7):
    rock_images.append(pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img",f"rock{i}.png")).convert())

#爆炸动画的储存
expl_anim = {}
expl_anim['lg'] = []
expl_anim['sm'] = []
expl_anim['player'] = []
for i in range(9):
    expl_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img",f"expl{i}.png")).convert()
    expl_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
    expl_anim['lg'].append(pygame.transform.scale(expl_img,(75,75)))
    expl_anim['sm'].append(pygame.transform.scale(expl_img, (30, 30)))
    player_expl_img = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img",f"player_expl{i}.png")).convert()
    player_expl_img.set_colorkey(BLACK)
    expl_anim['player'].append(player_expl_img)

#引入宝箱的图片
power_imgs  = {}
power_imgs['shield'] = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img","shield.png")).convert()
power_imgs['gun'] = pygame.image.load(os.path.join("img","gun.png")).convert()

#射击的声音
shoot_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join("sound","shoot.wav"))
#爆炸的音效
expl_sounds =[
pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join("sound","expl0.wav")),
pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join("sound","expl1.wav")),
]
#死亡爆炸
die_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join("sound","rumble.ogg"))
#接到宝箱
shield_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join("sound","pow0.wav"))
gun_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(os.path.join("sound","pow1.wav"))
#背景音乐
pygame.mixer.music.load(os.path.join("sound","background.ogg"))
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.3)

running = True
#引入字体
font_name = pygame.font.match_font("arial")
#绘制得分的函数
def draw_text(surf,text,size,x,y):
    font = pygame.font.Font(font_name,size)
    text_surface = font.render(text,True,WHITE)#渲染一下字体
    text_rect = text_surface.get_rect()
    text_rect.centerx = x
    text_rect.top = y
    surf.blit(text_surface,text_rect)
#生成陨石的函数
def new_rock():
    rock = Rock()
    all_sprites.add(rock)
    rocks.add(rock)

#绘制血量条的函数
def draw_health(surf,hp,x,y):
    if hp < 0 :
        hp = 0
    BAR_LENGTH = 100
    BAR_HEIGHT = 10
    fill = (hp/100)*BAR_LENGTH  #内部的长度
    outline_rect = pygame.Rect(x,y,BAR_LENGTH,BAR_HEIGHT)  #外框
    fill_rect = pygame.Rect(x,y,fill,BAR_HEIGHT)   #内部
    pygame.draw.rect(surf,GREEN,fill_rect)
    pygame.draw.rect(surf, WHITE, outline_rect,2)

#绘制右上角代表生命的飞机
def draw_lives(surf,lives,img,x,y):
    for i in range(lives):
        img_rect = img.get_rect()
        img_rect.x = x+30*i
        img_rect.y = y
        surf.blit(img,img_rect)



#创造玩家类
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    #初始化方法
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(player_img,(50,40)) #设置好大小的图片
        self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)#把黑色的东西设置成透明

        #定位
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        #圆形图片轮廓
        self.radius = 23
        # pygame.draw.circle(self.image,RED,self.rect.center,self.radius)

        self.rect.centerx = WIDTH/2
        self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT -20

        self.health = 100
        self.lives = 3
        self.hidden = False
        self.speedx = 8
        self.hide_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        self.gun = 1


    #更新的方法
    def update(self):
        now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        key_pressed = pygame.key.get_pressed() #获取键盘操作

        #控制上下左右的移动
        if key_pressed[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.rect.x = self.rect.x + self.speedx
        if key_pressed[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.rect.x = self.rect.x - self.speedx
        if key_pressed[pygame.K_DOWN]:
            self.rect.y = self.rect.y + self.speedx
        if key_pressed[pygame.K_UP]:
            self.rect.y = self.rect.y - self.speedx

        #上下左右移动的限制
        if self.rect.left < 0:
            self.rect.left = 0
        if self.rect.right > WIDTH:
            self.rect.right = WIDTH
        if self.rect.top < 0:
            self.rect.top = 0
        if self.rect.bottom > HEIGHT:
            self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT

        #恢复正常
        if self.hidden and (pygame.time.get_ticks() - self.hide_time > 1000):
            self.hidden = False
            self.rect.centerx = WIDTH / 2
            self.rect.bottom = HEIGHT - 20

        #时间到了变成单射
        if self.gun > 1 and now - self.gun_time > 10000:
            self.gun =  1


    #射击方法
    def shoot(self):
        if not (self.hidden):
            if self.gun == 1:#单射
                bullet = Bullet(self.rect.centerx,self.rect.centery)
                all_sprites.add(bullet)
                bullets.add(bullet)
                shoot_sound.play()
            elif self.gun >= 2:#双射
                bullet1 = Bullet(self.rect.left, self.rect.centery)
                bullet2 = Bullet(self.rect.right, self.rect.centery)
                all_sprites.add(bullet1)
                all_sprites.add(bullet2)
                bullets.add(bullet1)
                bullets.add(bullet2)
                shoot_sound.play()

    #隐藏右上角的飞机
    def hide(self):
        self.hidden = True
        self.hide_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        self.rect.center = (WIDTH/2,HEIGHT+500)

    #增加弹道的发方法
    def gunup(self):
        self.gun += 1
        self.gun_time = pygame.time.get_ticks()

#陨石类
class Rock(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    #初始化方法
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image_origin = random.choice(rock_images)
        self.image_origin.set_colorkey(BLACK)
        #图片副本
        self.image = self.image_origin.copy()

        #定位
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        #圆形图片轮廓
        self.radius = self.rect.width / 2.2

        self.rect.x = random.randrange(0,WIDTH-self.rect.width)
        self.rect.y = random.randrange(-180,-100)

        self.speedy = random.randrange(2,10)
        self.speedx = random.randrange(-3,+3)

        self.rot_degree = random.randrange(-3,3)  #旋转的角度
        self.total_degree = 0

    #石头旋转的方法
    def rotate(self):
        self.total_degree = self.total_degree + self.rot_degree
        self.total_degree = self.total_degree % 360
        self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image_origin,self.total_degree)#transform是旋转方法
        center = self.rect.center
        self.rect= self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = center

    #更新的方法
    def update(self):
        self.rotate()
        self.rect.y += self.speedy
        self.rect.x += self.speedx
        #如果屏幕上没有陨石则会重新生成
        if (self.rect.top > HEIGHT) or (self.rect.right < 0)or(self.rect.left > WIDTH) :
            self.rect.x = random.randrange(0, WIDTH - self.rect.width)
            self.rect.y = random.randrange(-100, -40)
            self.speedy = random.randrange(2, 10)
            self.speedx = random.randrange(-3, +3)

#子弹类
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    # 初始化方法
    def __init__(self,x,y):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = bullet_img
        self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)


        # 定位
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = x
        self.rect.y = y

        self.speedy = -10

    # 更新的方法
    def update(self):
        self.rect.y += self.speedy
        # 如果屏幕上没有子弹则会消除掉
        if (self.rect.bottom < 0) :
            self.kill()

#爆炸类
class Explosion(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    # 初始化方法
    def __init__(self,center,size):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.size = size
        self.image = expl_anim[self.size][0]


        # 定位
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = center
        self.frame = 0
        self.last_update = pygame.time.get_ticks()

    # 更新的方法
    def update(self):
        now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
        if now - self.last_update > 50:
            self.last_update = now
            self.frame = self.frame + 1
            if self.frame == len(expl_anim[self.size]):
                self.kill()
            else:
                self.image = expl_anim[self.size][self.frame]
                center = self.rect.center
                self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
                self.rect.center = center

#宝箱类
class Power(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    # 初始化方法
    def __init__(self,center):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.type = random.choice(['shield','gun'])
        self.image = power_imgs[self.type]
        self.image.set_colorkey(BLACK)

        #音效
        if self.type == 'shield':
            shield_sound.play()
        elif self.type == 'gun':
            gun_sound.play()

        # 定位
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.center = center
        self.speedy = 3

    # 更新的方法
    def update(self):
        self.rect.y += self.speedy
        # 如果屏幕上没有子弹则会消除掉
        if (self.rect.bottom > HEIGHT) :
            self.kill()

#变量的初始化
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group()  #所有的
rocks = pygame.sprite.Group()        #陨石
powers = pygame.sprite.Group()       #宝箱
bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()      #子弹
player = Player()#实例化
all_sprites.add(player)
score = 0
#播放声音
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)

#生成掉落的陨石
for i in range(8):
    new_rock()


#主程序循环
while running:
    clock.tick(FPS) #设定帧率
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                player.shoot()
      #更新游戏
    all_sprites.update()
     #检测陨石子弹互相碰撞的情况
    hits_rockandbullet = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(rocks,bullets,True,True)
    #陨石子弹碰撞消除一次就生成一个陨石
    for hit in hits_rockandbullet:
        random.choice(expl_sounds).play()
        expl = Explosion(hit.rect.center,'lg')
        all_sprites.add(expl)
        die_sound.play()
        r = Rock()
        all_sprites.add(r)
        rocks.add(r)
        score = score + int(hit.radius)
        #有概率生成宝箱
        if random.random() > 0.7:
            p = Power(hit.rect.center)
            all_sprites.add(p)
            powers.add(p)

    #飞船碰到宝箱
    hits_playerandpower = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player,powers,True)

    for hit in  hits_playerandpower:
        if hit.type == 'shield':
            player.health = player.health + 20
            if player.health > 100:
                player.health =100
        elif hit.type=='gun':
            player.gunup()


    #检测飞机碰撞的情况
    hits_playerandrock = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player,rocks,True,pygame.sprite.collide_circle)
    #
    for hit in  hits_playerandrock:
        player.health -= hit.radius
        new_rock()
        expl = Explosion(hit.rect.center,'sm')
        all_sprites.add(expl)
        if player.health <= 0:
            death_expl = Explosion(player.rect.center,'player')
            all_sprites.add(death_expl)
            player.lives -= 1
            player.health = 100
            player.hide()
        elif player.lives == 0:
            running = False
    #显示画面
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    screen.blit(background_img,(0,0))#设置背景图片
    all_sprites.draw(screen)
    draw_text(screen,str(score),18,WIDTH/2,0) #显示得分
    draw_health(screen,player.health,10,30)
    draw_lives(screen,player.lives,player_mini_img,WIDTH-100,15)
    pygame.display.update()  #刷新界面

pygame.quit()