随机生成一些数据,用来模拟真实情况,数据少才能凸显过拟合问题:
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
N_SAMPLES = 20
N_HIDDEN = 300
# training data
x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, N_SAMPLES), 1)
y = x + 0.3 * torch.normal(torch.zeros(N_SAMPLES, 1), torch.ones(N_SAMPLES, 1))
# test data
test_x = torch.unsqueeze(torch.linspace(-1, 1, N_SAMPLES), 1)
test_y = test_x + 0.3 * torch.normal(torch.zeros(N_SAMPLES, 1), torch.ones(N_SAMPLES, 1))
我们在这里搭建两个神经网络,一个没有dropout
,一个有dropout
:
- 没有
dropout
的容易出现过拟合,于是就命名为net_overfitting
。 - 另一个就是
net_dropped
,torch.nn.Dropout(0.5)
中的0.5
指的是随机丢弃50%
的神经元:
net_overfitting = torch.nn.Sequential(
torch.nn.Linear(1, N_HIDDEN),
torch.nn.ReLU(),
torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, N_HIDDEN),
torch.nn.ReLU(),
torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, 1),
)
net_dropped = torch.nn.Sequential(
torch.nn.Linear(1, N_HIDDEN),
torch.nn.Dropout(0.5), # drop 50% of the neuron
torch.nn.ReLU(),
torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, N_HIDDEN),
torch.nn.Dropout(0.5), # drop 50% of the neuron
torch.nn.ReLU(),
torch.nn.Linear(N_HIDDEN, 1),
)
在训练的时候,将这两个神经网络分开训练,训练的环境都一样:
optimizer_ofit = torch.optim.Adam(net_overfitting.parameters(), lr=0.01)
optimizer_drop = torch.optim.Adam(net_dropped.parameters(), lr=0.01)
loss_func = torch.nn.MSELoss()
plt.ion() # something about plotting
for t in range(500):
pred_ofit = net_overfitting(x)
pred_drop = net_dropped(x)
loss_ofit = loss_func(pred_ofit, y)
loss_drop = loss_func(pred_drop, y)
optimizer_ofit.zero_grad()
optimizer_drop.zero_grad()
loss_ofit.backward()
loss_drop.backward()
optimizer_ofit.step()
optimizer_drop.step()
if t % 10 == 0:
# 将神经网络转换成测试形式,画好图之后改回训练形式。因为drop网络在train的时候和test的时候参数不一样
net_overfitting.eval()
net_dropped.eval()
# plotting
plt.cla()
test_pred_ofit = net_overfitting(test_x)
test_pred_drop = net_dropped(test_x)
plt.scatter(x.data.numpy(), y.data.numpy(), c='magenta', s=50, alpha=0.3, label='train')
plt.scatter(test_x.data.numpy(), test_y.data.numpy(), c='cyan', s=50, alpha=0.3, label='test')
plt.plot(test_x.data.numpy(), test_pred_ofit.data.numpy(), 'r-', lw=3, label='overfitting')
plt.plot(test_x.data.numpy(), test_pred_drop.data.numpy(), 'b--', lw=3, label='dropout(50%)')
plt.text(0, -1.2, 'overfitting loss=%.4f' % loss_func(test_pred_ofit, test_y).data.numpy(),
fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'red'})
plt.text(0, -1.5, 'dropout loss=%.4f' % loss_func(test_pred_drop, test_y).data.numpy(),
fontdict={'size': 20, 'color': 'blue'})
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.ylim((-2.5, 2.5))
plt.pause(0.1)
# change back to train mode
net_overfitting.train()
net_dropped.train()
plt.ioff()
plt.show()