小甲鱼c++学习视频之运算符重载

一、学习要点：
1.将分数定义为一个类，简化处理过程，面向对象的思维，不仅有数据，还可以对一个分数进行操作，比如约分操作，加减乘除操作.
2.类的私有成员只能通过成员函数进行访问.
3.分数的约分过程是分子和分母同时除以分子和分母的最大公约数.求两个数的最大公约数用的是欧几里得辗转相除的原理.
二、实现代码

#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
class Rational{
public:
    Rational(int num,int denomi);//构造器
    Rational operator+(Rational x);//运算符重载函数
    Rational operator-(Rational x);
    Rational operator*(Rational x);
    Rational operator/(Rational x);
    void print();
private:
    int numerator;
    int denominator;
    void normalize();//归一化处理，比如将2/16变成1/8；
};
Rational::Rational(int num,int denomi){
    numerator=num;
    denominator=denomi;
    normalize();
}
void Rational::normalize(){
    if(denominator<0)//负号放在分母上
    {
        numerator=-numerator;
        denominator=-denominator;
    }
    //欧几里得算法
    int t;
    int a=abs(numerator);
    int b=abs(denominator);
    if(a>b){
        t=a%b;
        while(t){
            a=b;
            b=t;
            t=a%b;
        }
        a=b;
    }
    else{
        t=b%a;
        while(t){
        b=a;
        a=t;
        t=b%a;
        }
    }
    numerator/=a;
    denominator/=a;
    }
Rational Rational::operator+(Rational x){
    int a=numerator;
    int b=denominator;
    int c=x.numerator;
    int d=x.denominator;
    int e=a*d+b*c;
    int f=b*d;
    return Rational(e,f);
}
Rational Rational::operator-(Rational x){
    int a=numerator;
    int b=denominator;
    int c=x.numerator;
    int d=x.denominator;
    int e=a*d-b*c;
    int f=b*d;
    return Rational(e,f);
}
Rational Rational::operator*(Rational x){
    int a=numerator;
    int b=denominator;
    int c=x.numerator;
    int d=x.denominator;
    int e=a*c;
    int f=b*d;
    return Rational(e,f);
}
Rational Rational::operator/(Rational x){
    int a=numerator;
    int b=denominator;
    int c=x.numerator;
    int d=x.denominator;
    int e=a*d;
    int f=b*c;
    return Rational(e,f);
}
void Rational::print(){
    if(numerator%denominator==0){
        cout<<numerator/denominator;
    }else{
        cout<<numerator<<'/'<<denominator;
    }
}
int main()
{
    Rational f1(2,16);
    Rational f2(7,8);
    //加的过程
    Rational resadd=f1+f2;
    f1.print();
    cout<<'+';
    f2.print();
    cout<<'=';
    resadd.print();
    cout<<'\n';
    //减的过程
    Rational ressub=f1-f2;
    f1.print();
    cout<<'-';
    f2.print();
    cout<<'=';
    ressub.print();
    cout<<'\n';
    //乘的过程
    Rational resmul=f1*f2;
    f1.print();
    cout<<'*';
    f2.print();
    cout<<'=';
    resmul.print();
    cout<<'\n';
    //除的过程
    Rational resc=f1/f2;
    f1.print();
    cout<<'/';
    f2.print();
    cout<<'=';
    resc.print();
    cout<<'\n';
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

三、运行结果图如下：

四、如有错误，请指教，相互交流学习。