使用 CV2库进行摄像头照片获取

关于CV2模块的使用介绍详见下述转载链接。

转载：https://blog.csdn.net/RNG_uzi_/article/details/90034485

下面通过一个摄像头获取图像的基本操作示例说明：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# OpenCv 调用摄像头
# 默认调用笔记本摄像头

# Author:   coneypo
# Blog:     http://www.cnblogs.com/AdaminXie
# GitHub:   https://github.com/coneypo/Dlib_face_recognition_from_camera
# Mail:     coneypo@foxmail.com

import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

# cap.set(propId, value)
# 设置视频参数: propId - 设置的视频参数, value - 设置的参数值
"""
0. cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_MSEC Current position of the video file in milliseconds.
1. cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES 0-based index of the frame to be decoded/captured next.
2. cv2.CAP_PROP_POS_AVI_RATIO Relative position of the video file
3. cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH Width of the frames in the video stream.
4. cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT Height of the frames in the video stream.
5. cv2.CAP_PROP_FPS Frame rate.
6. cv2.CAP_PROP_FOURCC 4-character code of codec.
7. cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT Number of frames in the video file.
8. cv2.CAP_PROP_FORMAT Format of the Mat objects returned by retrieve() .
9. cv2.CAP_PROP_MODE Backend-specific value indicating the current capture mode.
10. cv2.CAP_PROP_BRIGHTNESS Brightness of the image (only for cameras).
11. cv2.CAP_PROP_CONTRAST Contrast of the image (only for cameras).
12. cv2.CAP_PROP_SATURATION Saturation of the image (only for cameras).
13. cv2.CAP_PROP_HUE Hue of the image (only for cameras).
14. cv2.CAP_PROP_GAIN Gain of the image (only for cameras).
15. cv2.CAP_PROP_EXPOSURE Exposure (only for cameras).
16. cv2.CAP_PROP_CONVERT_RGB Boolean flags indicating whether images should be converted to RGB.
17. cv2.CAP_PROP_WHITE_BALANCE Currently unsupported
18. cv2.CAP_PROP_RECTIFICATION Rectification flag for stereo cameras (note: only supported by DC1394 v 2.x backend currently)
"""

# The default shape of camera will be 640x480 in Windows or Ubuntu
# So we will not set "cap.set" here, it doesn't work
# cap.set(propId=cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, value=cap.get(cv2.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH))

# cap.isOpened() 返回 true/false, 检查摄像头初始化是否成功
print(cap.isOpened())

# cap.read()
"""
返回两个值
    先返回一个布尔值, 如果视频读取正确, 则为 True, 如果错误, 则为 False;
    也可用来判断是否到视频末尾;
    
    再返回一个值, 为每一帧的图像, 该值是一个三维矩阵;
    
    通用接收方法为:
        ret,frame = cap.read();
        ret: 布尔值;
        frame: 图像的三维矩阵;
        这样 ret 存储布尔值, frame 存储图像;
        
        若使用一个变量来接收两个值, 如:
            frame = cap.read()
        则 frame 为一个元组, 原来使用 frame 处需更改为 frame[1]
"""

while cap.isOpened():
    ret_flag, img_camera = cap.read()

    print("height: ", img_camera.shape[0])
    print("width:  ", img_camera.shape[1])
    print('\n')

    cv2.imshow("camera", img_camera)

    # 每帧数据延时 1ms, 延时为0, 读取的是静态帧
    k = cv2.waitKey(1)

    # 按下 's' 保存截图
    if k == ord('s'):
        cv2.imwrite("test.jpg", img_camera)

    # 按下 'q' 退出
    if k == ord('q'):
        break
    
# 释放所有摄像头
cap.release()
# 删除建立的所有窗口
cv2.destroyAllWindows()