源码分析：Activity的启动过程（1）

Activity#startActivityForResult

我们从Activity的startActivity方法开始分析，该方法有几种重载方式，但最终都会调用startActivityForResult方法，该方法实现如下：

    public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
            @Nullable Bundle options) {
        if (mParent == null) { //只需关注这部分代码
            //...
            Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
                mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
                    this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
                    intent, requestCode, options);    //先看Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法（exec是execute的缩写，意为执行）
            //...
        } else {
            //...
        }
    }

我们看下Instrumentation的execStartActivity方法

Instrumentation#execStartActivity（API25）

• Instrumentation类相当于一个管家，它的职责是管理各个应用程序和系统的交互，Instrumentation将在任何应用程序运行前初始化，每个进程只会存在一个Instrumentation对象，且每个Activity都有此对象的实际引用，可以通过它监测系统与应用程序之间的所有交互。
• 这里可以看到真正启动Activity的方法

    public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
            Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
            Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {

        //...

        try {
            //...

            //真正启动Activity
            int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault() //ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()返回一个IActivityManager接口对象
                .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
                        intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                        token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                        requestCode, 0, null, options);

            //检查启动结果，当无法正确启动时会抛出异常信息           
            checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
        }
        return null;
    }

• 其中，IActivityManager接口的具体实现是ActivityManagerService（下面简称AMS）。AMS继承自ActivityManagerNative，而ActivityManagerNative继承自Binder并实现了IActivityManager，所以AMB也是一个Binder。不过在API26中，AMS不再继承AMN，而是继承IActivityManager.Stub。（注意：在API26中，AMN被弃用，其内部的代理类ActivityManagerProxy已经被删除。这是因为在API26启动Activity的时候，和AMS的通信机制已经被改成AIDL方式，详情请参考该博客）

ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()

    static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
        return gDefault.get();
    }

其中gDefault的定义如下：

    private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> gDefault = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
        protected IActivityManager create() {
            IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
            IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
            return am;
        }
    };

Singleton是一个单例的封装类，第一次调用它的get方法时它会通过create方法来创建对象，在后续的调用中则直接返回之前创建的对象。

Instrumentation#execStartActivity（API26）

在API26中，真正启动Activity的代码发生了一些变化

    //ActivityManager.getService()返回 IActivityManager对象
    int result = ActivityManager.getService()
        .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
                intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                requestCode, 0, null, options);

ActivityManager.getService()

看下ActivityManager.getService()返回的是什么

    public static IActivityManager getService() {
        return IActivityManagerSingleton.get();
    }
    private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> IActivityManagerSingleton =
            new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
                @Override
                protected IActivityManager create() {
                    final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
                    //其中，Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE = "activity";
                    final IActivityManager am = IActivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
                    return am;
                }
            };

可以看出，高低版本都是先获取服务端（系统进程）中的AMS的IBinder对象，然后通过得到的IBinder对象来生成IActivityManager（系统进程中的AMS在app进程中的binder代理）

ActivityManagerService#startActivity

虽然不同版本的实现有所不同，但最终都是返回IActivityManager接口对象，而IActivityManager接口的实现类为AMS，所以最终调用的是AMS的startActivity方法

    @Override
    public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
            Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
            int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) {
        return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
                resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions,
                UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
    }

    @Override
    public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
            Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
            int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
        //...
        // TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
        return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
                resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
                profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null);
    }

• 其中mActivityStarter是一个ActivityStarter对象，ActivityStarter类主要负责处理Activity的Intent和Flags, 还有关联相关的Stack和TaskRecord。
• 在API23及以前版本中，return那里是调用ActivityStackSupervisor的startActivityMayWait方法的（该方法的实现和ActivityStarter一样，不如说是ActivityStarter照搬该方法）

    return mStackSupervisor.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
            resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
            profilerInfo, null, null, options, false, userId, null, null);

但是在API24中，ActivityStackSupervisor移除了startActivityMayWait方法，该方法到了ActivityStarter中。

又继续调用了几个方法

ActivityStarter#startActivityMayWait

• startActivityMayWait: 根据Intent获取Activity的启动信息(ResolveInfo和ActivityInfo), 获取调用者的Pid和Uid（CallingPid和CallingUid）
• startActivityMayWait继续调用startActivityLocked方法

    //...
    int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, ephemeralIntent, resolvedType,
            aInfo, rInfo, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
            resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid,
            callingUid, callingPackage, realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags,
            options, ignoreTargetSecurity, componentSpecified, outRecord, container,
            inTask);
    //...
    return res;

ActivityStarter#startActivityLocked

• startActivityLocked: 创建ActivityRecord, 含有Activity的核心信息
• startActivityLocked继续调用startActivityUnchecked方法

    //...
    try {
        //...
        err = startActivityUnchecked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor, startFlags,
                true, options, inTask);
    }
    //...
    return err;

ActivityStarter#startActivityUnchecked

• startActivityUnchecked：根据启动的Flag信息, 设置TaskRecord, 完成后执行ActivityStackSupervisor类的resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked方法, 继续启动。

    //...

    // 所有启动准备完成后, dontStart是true.
    final boolean dontStart = top != null && mStartActivity.resultTo == null
            && top.realActivity.equals(mStartActivity.realActivity)
            && top.userId == mStartActivity.userId
            && top.app != null && top.app.thread != null
            && ((mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP) != 0
            || mLaunchSingleTop || mLaunchSingleTask);
    if (dontStart) {
        //...
        if (mDoResume) {
            mSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked();  //mSupervisor是一个ActivityStackSupervisor对象
        }
        //...
    }

ActivityStackSupervisor和ActivityStack之间的相互跳转

ActivityStackSupervisor#resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked

    boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked() {
        return resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(null, null, null);
    }
    boolean resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked(
            ActivityStack targetStack, ActivityRecord target, ActivityOptions targetOptions) {
        if (targetStack != null && isFocusedStack(targetStack)) {
            return targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);
            //targetStack是一个ActivityStack对象
        }
        final ActivityRecord r = mFocusedStack.topRunningActivityLocked();
        if (r == null || r.state != RESUMED) {
            mFocusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(null, null); //mFocusedStack也是一个ActivityStack对象
        }
        return false;
    }

又调用了ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法

ActivityStack#resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked

    boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
        if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) {
            // Don't even start recursing.
            return false;
        }
        boolean result = false;
        try {
            // Protect against recursion.
            mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = true;
            if (mService.mLockScreenShown == ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_LEAVING) {
                mService.mLockScreenShown = ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_HIDDEN;
                mService.updateSleepIfNeededLocked();
            }
            result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options); //调用resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法
        } finally {
            mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false;
        }
        return result;
    }

最后返回的result的值是通过调用resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法获得的

ActivityStack#resumeTopActivityInnerLocked

    mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, false);   
    //mStackSupervisor是一个ActivityStackSupervisor对象

又调用了ActivityStackSupervisor的startSpecificActivityLocked方法

ActivityStackSupervisor#startSpecificActivityLocked

    void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r,
            boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
        // Is this activity's application already running?
        ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName,
                r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true);
        r.task.stack.setLaunchTime(r);
        if (app != null && app.thread != null) {
            try {
                //...

                //真正启动activity的过程
                realStartActivityLocked(r, app, andResume, checkConfig);
                return;
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                //...
            }
        }
        //...
    }

终于，这里调用了realStartActivityLocked方法真正启动activity

API23及以前版本的一些区别

• 在看《Android开发艺术探索》的时候，发现AMS的startActivityAsUser是调用ActivityStackSupervisor类的startActivityMayWait方法，这也导致后面一些方法调用的不同。

ActivityStackSupervisor#startActivityMayWait

这里的逻辑和API24版本是一样的，只不过调用的是ActivityStackSupervisor类的startActivityLocked方法

    //...

    int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType, aInfo,
            voiceSession, voiceInteractor, resultTo, resultWho,
            requestCode, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage,
            realCallingPid, realCallingUid, startFlags, options, ignoreTargetSecurity,
            componentSpecified, null, container, inTask);
    //...

    return res;

ActivityStackSupervisor#startActivityLocked

    //...

    err = startActivityUncheckedLocked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
            startFlags, true, options, inTask);

    //...

    return err;

这里是又继续调用startActivityUncheckedLocked方法（和API24的名字不同，不过参数是一样的）

ActivityStackSupervisor#startActivityUncheckedLocked

    //省略无关代码

    if (doResume) {
        targetStack.resumeTopActivityLocked(null, options);
    }
    if (doResume) {
        targetStack.resumeTopActivityLocked(null);  //targetStack是一个ActivityStack对象
    }

又继续调用ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityLocked方法

ActivityStack#resumeTopActivityLocked

    final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {
        return resumeTopActivityLocked(prev, null);
    }
    final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev, Bundle options) {
        if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) {
            // Don't even start recursing.
            return false;
        }
        boolean result = false;
        try {
            // Protect against recursion.
            mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = true;
            if (mService.mLockScreenShown == ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_LEAVING) {
                mService.mLockScreenShown = ActivityManagerService.LOCK_SCREEN_HIDDEN;
                mService.updateSleepIfNeededLocked();
            }
            result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);
        } finally {
            mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity = false;
        }
        return result;
    }

可以看出，该方法和API24以后的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法的实现是一样的，只是名字不同，而之后的调用就和API24以后一样了。

小结

• 总的来说，从API24开始，在AMS（ActivityManagerService）与ASS（ActivityStackSupervisor）之间添加了一个ActivityStarter, 负责管理Activity的启动。

ActivityStackSupervisor#realStartActivityLocked

• realStartActivityLocked方法又做了什么呢，最后到底是哪个方法最终启动了Activity？由于篇幅问题，我把后面的分析放在了另一篇文章：源码分析：Activity的启动过程（2）

参考

• 《Android开发艺术探索》
• Android 7.0 startActivity()源码解析以及对几个问题的思考
• 源码分析:startActivity流程
• 探索7.x, 全面解析Activity启动框架 (1)