模板（四）

用模板实现单例模式

方法1

#ifndef _SINGLETON_H_
#define _SINGLETON_H_


template <typename T>
class Singleton
{
public:
    static T& GetInstance()    //静态成员函数，全局
    {
        static T instance;     //创建一个静态局部对象
                               //此处必须要static，否则构造完成，就析构了
        return instance;
    }
private:
    Singleton();
    Singleton(const Singleton& other);
    Singleton& operator= (const Singleton& other);
    ~Singleton();

    //static T* instance_;
};

//template <typename T>
//T* Singleton<T>::instance_ = 0;
#endif // _SINGLETON_H_

#include "Singleton.h"
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
class ApplicationImpl
{
public:
    ApplicationImpl()
    {
        cout << "ApplicationImpl..." << endl;
    }
    ~ApplicationImpl()
    {
        cout << "~ApplicationImpl..." << endl;
    }
    void Run()
    {
        cout << "Run ..." << endl;
    }
private:
};

typedef Singleton<ApplicationImpl> Application;
int main(void)
{
    //Singleton<ApplicationImpl> a;  //Error : 由于Singleton构造函数时私有的，无法访问，就无法用Singleton来构造对象
    Application::GetInstance().Run();
    Application::GetInstance().Run();
    return 0;
}

方法2（推荐）

---

• atexit()函数

  用atexit()函数，该函数为注册函数，可以将其它函数注册进来。在程序结束后，会先调用注册的函数，再结束程序，优先调用后注册的函数

  包含的头文件： < cstdlib >

---

#ifndef _SINGLETON_H_
#define _SINGLETON_H_

#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>
class Singleton
{
public:
    static T& GetInstance()    //静态成员函数，全局
    {
        Init();
        return *instance_;
    }
private:
    static void Init()
    {
        if (instance_ == 0)
        {
            instance_ = new T;
            atexit(Destory);
        }
    }
    static void Destory()
    {
        delete instance_;
    }
    static T* instance_;
    Singleton();
    Singleton(const Singleton& other);
    Singleton& operator= (const Singleton& other);
    ~Singleton();
};

template <typename T>
T* Singleton<T>::instance_ = 0;    //static成员需在外部初始化

#endif // _SINGLETON_H_

#include "Singleton.h"
#include<iostream>

class ApplicationImpl
{
public:
    ApplicationImpl()
    {
        cout << "ApplicationImpl..." << endl;
    }
    ~ApplicationImpl()
    {
        cout << "~ApplicationImpl..." << endl;
    }
    void Run()
    {
        cout << "Run ..." << endl;
    }
};

typedef Singleton<ApplicationImpl> Application;
int main(void)
{
    //Singleton<ApplicationImpl> a;  //Error : 由于Singleton构造函数时私有的，无法访问，就无法用Singleton来构造对象
    Application::GetInstance().Run();
    Application::GetInstance().Run();
    return 0;
}

模板动态创建对象

见72cpp