设计模式之观察者

• 有一个气象站和多个展示板，在展示板中要更新气象站中的天气信息

public interface Obsever {
    // 当气象观察值改变时，把这些状态值作为方法的参数，传给观察者
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}

public interface DisplayElement {
    // 展示观察者信息
    public void display();
}

• 两个观察者

• 观察气温和湿度

public class CurrentConditionsDiaplay implements Obsever, DisplayElement {
    private float temprature;
    private float humidity;
    private Subject weatherData;

    public CurrentConditionsDiaplay(Subject weatherData) {// 使用weatherData对象作为注册之用
        this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        this.temprature = temp;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        display();
    }

    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Current conditions:" + temprature
                + "F degrees and " + humidity + " % humidity");
    }
}

• 观察气压

public class PressureConditionsDiaplay implements Obsever, DisplayElement {
    private float pressure;
    private Subject weatherData;

    public PressureConditionsDiaplay(Subject weatherData) {// 使用weatherData对象作为注册之用
        this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure) {
        this.pressure = pressure;
        display();
    }

    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("pressure conditions:" + pressure);
    }

}

• 添加删除观察者接口

public interface Subject {

//  这两个方法要有一个观察者作为变量，该观察者用来注册或删除。
    public void registerObserver(Obsever o);
    public void removeObserver(Obsever o);
//  当主题状态改变时，这个方法被调用，通知所有观察者
    public void notifyObservers();
}

• 提供信息给观察者

import java.util.ArrayList;

//气象站
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
    // 存放所有观察者
    private ArrayList observers;
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private float pressure;

    public WeatherData() {
        observers = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    // 注册观察者
    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Obsever o) {
        observers.add(o);
    }

    // 取消观察者
    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Obsever o) {
        int i = observers.indexOf(o);
        if (i >= 0) {
            observers.remove(i);
        }
    }

    // 给观察者通知更新值
    @Override
    public void notifyObservers() {
        for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
            Obsever obsever = (Obsever) observers.get(i);
            obsever.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);
        }
    }

    // 当气象站得到更新观察值时，通知观察者
    public void measurementsChanged() {
        notifyObservers();
    }

    public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity,
            float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        this.pressure = pressure;
    }
}

• 气象站

public class WeatherStation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

        CurrentConditionsDiaplay currentConditionsDiaplay = new CurrentConditionsDiaplay(
                weatherData);
        PressureConditionsDiaplay pressureConditionsDiaplay = new PressureConditionsDiaplay(
                weatherData);

        weatherData.setMeasurements(30, 20, 30.5f);

        weatherData.measurementsChanged();

        weatherData.setMeasurements(31, 21, 31.5f);

        weatherData.measurementsChanged();

    }
}

• 观察者模式定义了对象之间一对多的关系

• 被观察者用一个共同接口来更新观察者

• 有多个观察者时，不可以依赖特定的通知次序

观察者模式：在对象之间定义一对多的依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态，依赖它的对象都会收到通知，并自动更新。