设计模式之装饰者模式

• 在不同的饮品中加入调料，根据最后加入调料计算最后价格

• 饮品基类

public abstract class Beverage {
    String description = "Unknown Beverage";

    // 返回当前饮品的种类
    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    // 返回当前饮品的价格
    public abstract double cost();

}

• 调料装饰者基类

//为了让Condiment Decorator（调料装饰者）能够取代Beverage，所以将它扩展至Beverage类
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage{
    public abstract String getDescription();
}

• 一种饮品

//一种饮料,继承至Beverage
public class Espresso extends Beverage{
    public Espresso() {
        description = "Espresso";
    }
    public double cost(){
        return 1.99;
    }

}

• 一种调料

public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
    Beverage beverage;

    public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    public String getDescription(){
        return beverage.getDescription() + " , Mocha";
    }

    public double cost(){
        return .22 + beverage.cost();     //将被装饰者的价格加上当前价格 
    }

}

• 咖啡屋

public class CoffeeHouse {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
        System.out.println("price of only espresso " + beverage.getDescription()+" : " + beverage.cost());
        beverage = new Mocha(beverage);
        System.out.println("price of  espresso with Mocha" + beverage.getDescription()+" : "+ beverage.cost());
        beverage = new Mocha(beverage);
        System.out.println("price of  espresso with Double Mocha" + beverage.getDescription()+" : "+ beverage.cost());
    }
}

• 对拓展开放，对修改关闭
• 装饰者和被装饰者有相同的类型
• 装饰者模式意味着一群装饰者类，这些类用来包装具体组件
• 装饰者可以在被装饰者的行为前/后加上自己的行为，甚至将被装饰者的行为取代。

装饰者模式：动态地将责任附加到对象上，若要拓展功能，装饰者提供有别于继承的另一种选择。