【reids】sorted set命令简述及集合操作

sorted set是redis存储数据的一种结构，即有序的set。其中每一个元素，除了元素自身，还包括元素的分数score、以及元素的正负向索引。需要注意的是，sorted set中的所有元素，会按照分数从低到高在内存中以跳跃表的形式排序。如果分数一样，会按照字典序排序。

sorted set的命令如下：

127.0.0.1:6379> help @sorted-set

  BZMPOP timeout numkeys key [key ...] MIN|MAX [COUNT count]
  summary: Remove and return members with scores in a sorted set or block until one is available
  since: 7.0.0

  BZPOPMAX key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and return the member with the highest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
  since: 5.0.0

  BZPOPMIN key [key ...] timeout
  summary: Remove and return the member with the lowest score from one or more sorted sets, or block until one is available
  since: 5.0.0

  ZADD key [NX|XX] [GT|LT] [CH] [INCR] score member [score member ...]
  summary: Add one or more members to a sorted set, or update its score if it already exists
  since: 1.2.0

  ZCARD key
  summary: Get the number of members in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZCOUNT key min max
  summary: Count the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values
  since: 2.0.0

  ZDIFF numkeys key [key ...] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Subtract multiple sorted sets
  since: 6.2.0

  ZDIFFSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...]
  summary: Subtract multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 6.2.0

  ZINCRBY key increment member
  summary: Increment the score of a member in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZINTER numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets
  since: 6.2.0

  ZINTERCARD numkeys key [key ...] [LIMIT limit]
  summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets and return the cardinality of the result
  since: 7.0.0

  ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
  summary: Intersect multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 2.0.0

  ZLEXCOUNT key min max
  summary: Count the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZMPOP numkeys key [key ...] MIN|MAX [COUNT count]
  summary: Remove and return members with scores in a sorted set
  since: 7.0.0

  ZMSCORE key member [member ...]
  summary: Get the score associated with the given members in a sorted set
  since: 6.2.0

  ZPOPMAX key [count]
  summary: Remove and return members with the highest scores in a sorted set
  since: 5.0.0

  ZPOPMIN key [count]
  summary: Remove and return members with the lowest scores in a sorted set
  since: 5.0.0

  ZRANDMEMBER key [count [WITHSCORES]]
  summary: Get one or multiple random elements from a sorted set
  since: 6.2.0

  ZRANGE key start stop [BYSCORE|BYLEX] [REV] [LIMIT offset count] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score
  since: 1.0.5

  ZRANGESTORE dst src min max [BYSCORE|BYLEX] [REV] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Store a range of members from sorted set into another key
  since: 6.2.0

  ZRANK key member
  summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set
  since: 2.0.0

  ZREM key member [member ...]
  summary: Remove one or more members from a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range
  since: 2.8.9

  ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given indexes
  since: 2.0.0

  ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max
  summary: Remove all members in a sorted set within the given scores
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 1.2.0

  ZREVRANGEBYLEX key max min [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range, ordered from higher to lower strings.
  since: 2.8.9

  ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset count]
  summary: Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 2.2.0

  ZREVRANK key member
  summary: Determine the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high to low
  since: 2.0.0

  ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]
  summary: Incrementally iterate sorted sets elements and associated scores
  since: 2.8.0

  ZSCORE key member
  summary: Get the score associated with the given member in a sorted set
  since: 1.2.0

  ZUNION numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX] [WITHSCORES]
  summary: Add multiple sorted sets
  since: 6.2.0

  ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]
  summary: Add multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
  since: 2.0.0

示例如下：

zadd：zadd key score1 member1 score2 member2…。添加key和sorted set为键值对，向sorted set中添加value1，分数为score1，value2 score2…

zrange：zrange key start end [withscores]，返回索引start到end位置的所有元素，正序(分数低到高)返回。
加上withsocres可以带分数返回。

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd k1 8 apple 2 banana 3 orange
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange k1 0 -1
1) "banana"
2) "orange"
3) "apple"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange k1 0 -1 withscores
1) "banana"
2) "2"
3) "orange"
4) "3"
5) "apple"
6) "8"

zrangebyscore：zrangebyscore key score1 score2，返回key对应的sorted set中符合分数score1-score2的元素

127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore k1 3 8
1) "orange"
2) "apple"

zrevrange：zrevrange key start end，类似zrange，但是逆序(分数高到低返回)。
需要注意的是，对于下列的两个命令，同样都是返回了最后的2个元素，但是zrevrange k1 0 1是以逆序返回了从高到低排序的前2个(即apple是第一个)，zrange k1 -2 -1是以正序排序返回了从低到高排序的最后2个(即apple是最后一个)。

127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange k1 0 1
1) "apple"
2) "orange"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange k1 -2 -1
1) "orange"
2) "apple"

zrank：zrank key member，返回sorted set中value对应的索引

127.0.0.1:6379> zrank k1 apple
(integer) 2

zincrby： zincrbykey increment member，member对应的分数加incrememt（可能是浮点数，可能是负数）

127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY k1 2.5 banana
"4.5"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange k1 0 -1 withscores
1) "orange"
2) "3"
3) "banana"
4) "4.5"
5) "apple"
6) "8"

集合操作

zunionstore： zunionstore destination numkeys key [key …] [WEIGHTS weight [weight …]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]，numkeys是有几个集合要做合集操作，后面跟对应的key。
因为sorted set和其他结构不同，每个元素都有分数，所以对于分数也有相关的参数可选：weight为在计算合集元素分数时，不同key对应的参与运算的sorted set中元素的权重，按key的顺序与key一一对应。每个key的set都有自己的权重，分数*权重累加得到合集的元素的分数。
最后是这些set的分数可选的操作，默认是累加，aggregate平均，sum求和，min最小值，max最大值。

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd k1 80 tom 60 sean 70 baby
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd k2 60 tom 100 sean 40 xiaoming
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore unkey 2 k1 k2 
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange unkey 0 -1 withscores
1) "xiaoming"
2) "40"
3) "baby"
4) "70"
5) "tom"
6) "140"
7) "sean"
8) "160"
127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore unkey1 2 k1 k2 weight 1 0.5 
(error) ERR syntax error
127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore unkey1 2 k1 k2 weights 1 0.5 
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange unkey1 0 -1
1) "xiaoming"
2) "baby"
3) "sean"
4) "tom"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange unkey1 0 -1 withscores
1) "xiaoming"
2) "20"
3) "baby"
4) "70"
5) "sean"
6) "110"
7) "tom"
8) "110"
127.0.0.1:6379> zunionstore unkey2 2 k1 k2 aggregate max
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange unkey2 0 -1 withscores
1) "xiaoming"
2) "40"
3) "baby"
4) "70"
5) "tom"
6) "80"
7) "sean"
8) "100"