hcia 静态路由综合实验

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最新推荐文章于 2025-05-17 21:02:57 发布

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文章标签：服务器网络运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ghostd4/article/details/133956011

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题目

要求：

1、全网用192.168.1.0/24进行IP地址分配

2、R7作为DHCP服务器为pc分配IP地址

3、路由上均具备2个环回地址

4、R6与R7之间正常走1000M，备份走100M

5、全网尽量负载均恒

6、减少路由表数量，并避免环路产生

7、全网可达

要满足以上要求，可以进行如下配置：

1、IP地址分配：在ensp中的每个设备上进行如下配置： interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

2、R7作为DHCP服务器：在R7上面配置DHCP服务，为PC分配IP地址，例如： interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 ! ip dhcp pool PCs network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 default-router 192.168.1.1 dns-server X.X.X.X

3、路由上具备2个环回地址：在每个路由器上配置两个环回接口，例如： interface Loopback 0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface Loopback 1 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255

4、R6与R7之间正常走1000M，备份走100M：可以使用OSPF协议进行路由选择，通过设定不同的带宽属性来实现，例如： interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 1000 ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 100

5、全网负载均衡：可以使用OSPF协议进行路由选择，通过调整接口带宽和权重来实现负载均衡，例如： interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 100 ip ospf cost 10 ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 100 ip ospf cost 10

6、减少路由表数量，并避免环路产生：通过合理的IP地址规划和路由聚合，合并相同的目标网段，以减少路由表数量，并确保没有重叠的子网或IP地址。

7、全网可达：通过合适的路由配置和路由协议选项，确保在整个网络中可以正常转发和到达目标网络。

重点第六步与第七步：

第六步：减少路由表数量，并避免环路产生

为了减少路由表数量，可以使用路由聚合和默认路由的方式。

路由聚合：将多个连续的子网合并成一个更大的网络，减少路由表中的条目。例如，假设有四个子网分别是192.168.1.0/24、192.168.2.0/24、192.168.3.0/24和192.168.4.0/24，可以将它们聚合成一个更大的网络192.168.0.0/22。

在每个路由器上进行如下配置： interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

默认路由：将所有无法匹配的目标网络指向一个默认网关，减少路由表中的条目。例如，假设所有无法匹配的目标网络都应该转发到R7的IP地址192.168.1.2，可以在其他路由器上配置默认路由。

在每个路由器上进行如下配置： ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2

第七步：全网可达

为了实现全网可达，可以使用动态路由协议，最常用的是OSPF协议。通过在每个路由器上配置OSPF协议，并在路由器之间进行邻居关系建立和路由信息交换，来实现全网可达。

在每个路由器上进行如下配置： router ospf 1 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

其中192.168.1.0表示连接PC的子网，10.0.0.0表示环回地址所在的子网。

通过以上配置，可以实现全网的IP地址分配、DHCP服务、双环回地址、不同带宽的链路选择、负载均衡、减少路由表数量和避免环路产生，以及全网可达的要求。

如下配置：

第一步配置（IP地址分配）：

AR3上的配置

[Huawei]sys AR3
[AR3]

Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

<AR3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR3]int
[AR3]interface g 0/0/0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 21 2023 00:19:45-08:00 AR3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

AR4上的配置

[Huawei]sys AR4
[AR4]interface g 0/0/0
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
Oct 21 2023 00:20:16-08:00 AR4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

AR5上的配置

[Huawei]sys AR5
<AR5>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR5]inter
[AR5]interface g0/0/0
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
Oct 21 2023 00:20:39-08:00 AR5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

AR6上的配置

[Huawei]sys AR6

[AR6]int
[AR6]interface g 0/0/0
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
Oct 21 2023 00:20:59-08:00 AR6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

AR7上的配置

[Huawei]sys AR7

[AR7]int
[AR7]interface g0/0/0
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 21 2023 00:21:31-08:00 AR7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.

第二步配置（R7作为DHCP服务器：在R7上面配置DHCP服务，为PC分配IP地址）：

配置交换机

最简单的dhcp配置：
pc1和pc2放在同一vlan中，两台电脑都设置为DHCP模式

<Huawei>sys //进入系统视图
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys S1 //设备改名
[S1]
Apr 21 2022 16:54:07-08:00 S1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.
191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the ch
ange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[S1]un in en //关闭提示信息
Info: Information center is disabled.
[S1]dhcp enable //命令用来开启DHCP功能
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[S1]ip pool pool10 //创建全局地址池
Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]network 192.168.1.0 mask 24
//用来配置全局地址池下可分配的网段地址,其中mask：指定IP地址池的网络掩码，不指定该参数时，使用自然掩码
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]gateway-list 192.168.1.6
//用来为DHCP Client配置出口网关地址
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]lease day 99 //设置生存时间
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]quit

[S1]vlan 10 //下面是交换机的vlan配置过程
[S1-vlan10]q

[S1-vlan10]int G0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int G0/0/2
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q

[S1]int Vlanif 10 //进入交换机虚拟接口，前面一定要先创建vlan
[S1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.1 24 //为接口配置IP
[S1-Vlanif10]dhcp select global //用来开启接口采用全局地址池的DHCP Server功能
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「一青一柠」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_56438857/article/details/124330384

而我实际的配置（下面有我输错的部分）

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys S1
[S1]
Oct 21 2023 00:39:30-08:00 S1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.
191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the ch
ange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[S1]un in en
Info: Information center is disabled.
[S1]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[S1]ip pool pool10
Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]network 192.168.1.0 mask 24
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]getway-list 192.168.1.6
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]geteway-list 192.168.1.6
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[S1-ip-pool-pool10] geteway-list 192.168.1.6
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]geteway-list 192.168.1.6
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]gateway-list 192.168.1.6
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]lease day 99
[S1-ip-pool-pool10]q
[S1]vlan 10
[S1-vlan10]q
[S1]int g 0/0/2
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]q
[S1]int V lanif 10
^
Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.
[S1]int Vlanif 10
[S1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[S1-Vlanif10]dhcp select global

再看看自己pc1、pc2的dhcp配好的ip

pc1：

pc2：

接下来配置R7路由器

在 g0/0/1 接口下配置：
[Huawei]dhcp enable ：在路由器上，开启DHCP功能。
[Huawei]int g0/0/1 ip address 10.1.1.1 进入与设备相连的接口添加物理IP
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select interface
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server dns-list 1.1.1.1

这种方式分配的IP地址网段，是该接口所在的网段IP地址。网关就是这个接口的IP地址。
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「星辰流炎」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tryheart/article/details/107792913

而我实际配的

[AR7]int g0/0/1
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.1.1
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
Oct 21 2023 00:56:12-08:00 AR7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp select interface
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dhcp server dns-list 1.1.1.1

第三步：（路由上具备2个环回地址：在每个路由器上配置两个环回接口）

例如：在每个路由器中配： interface Loopback 0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 ! interface Loopback 1 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255

在AR3上配：

[AR3]int
[AR3]interface Loo
[AR3]interface LoopBack 0
[AR3-LoopBack0]ip add
[AR3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
[AR3-LoopBack0]in
[AR3-LoopBack0]int
[AR3-LoopBack0]interface Loopback 1
[AR3-LoopBack1]ip add
[AR3-LoopBack1]ip address 10.0.0.2 24
Error: The specified address conflicts with another address.
[AR3-LoopBack1]ip address 10.0.0.3 24
Error: The specified address conflicts with another address.
[AR3-LoopBack1]ip address 10.0.0.211 24
Error: The specified address conflicts with another address.
[AR3-LoopBack1]ip address 20.0.0.2 24

在AR4上配：

<AR4>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR4]int
[AR4]interface loo
[AR4]interface LoopBack 0
[AR4-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
[AR4-LoopBack0]interface Loopback 1
[AR4-LoopBack1]ip add
[AR4-LoopBack1]ip address 20.0.0.2 24

在AR5上配：

<AR5>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR5]int
[AR5]interface L
[AR5]interface LoopBack 0
[AR5-LoopBack0]ip add
[AR5-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
[AR5-LoopBack0]int
[AR5-LoopBack0]intface Loopback 1
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[AR5-LoopBack0]interface Loopback 1
[AR5-LoopBack1]ip add
[AR5-LoopBack1]ip address 20.0.0.2 24

在AR6上配：

<AR6>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR6]intface L
[AR6]intface L
[AR6]intface LoopBack 0
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[AR6]interface LoopBack 0
[AR6-LoopBack0]ip ad
[AR6-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
[AR6-LoopBack0]interface LoopBack 1
[AR6-LoopBack1]ip add
[AR6-LoopBack1]ip address 20.0.0.2 24

在AR7上配：

<AR7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR7]inter
[AR7]interface L
[AR7]interface LoopBack 0
[AR7-LoopBack0]ip add
[AR7-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.0.1 24
[AR7-LoopBack0]interface LoopBack 1
[AR7-LoopBack1]ip add
[AR7-LoopBack1]ip address 20.0.0.2 24

这样配好整个路由器环型回路

第四步：R6与R7之间正常走1000M，备份走100M：可以使用OSPF协议进行路由选择，通过设定不同的带宽属性来实现，例如： interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 1000 ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 100

在AR7上配

<AR7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR7]int
[AR7]interface g 0/0/0
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.1 24
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]bandwidth 1000
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface g 0/0/2
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.3.1 24 bandwidth 100
^
Error:Too many parameters found at '^' position.
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.3.1 24
Oct 21 2023 01:24:04-08:00 AR7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]bandwidth 100

第五步：全网负载均衡：可以使用OSPF协议进行路由选择，通过调整接口带宽和权重来实现负载均衡，例如： interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 100 ip ospf cost 10 ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 bandwidth 100 ip ospf cost 10

在AR7中配

<AR7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[AR7]in
[AR7]int
[AR7]interface G 0/0/0
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]bandwidth 100
[AR7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ospf cost 10

<AR7>sys

[AR7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[AR7-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

[AR7-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2] bandwidth 100

[AR7-GigabitEthernet 0/0/2]ip ospf cost 10