陈鑫
编写实验报告:
1、拓扑信息
2、要求及分析
3、IP规划
4.配置截图
5.测试
1、拓扑信息
2.要求及分析
分析1:用VLSM技术----可变长子网掩码(无类分址)---子网划分
实现方法---通过从主机位借位到网络位的方式,达到将一个大的网段划分为多个小的网段。将网段192.168.1.0/24分为17个小网段(本实验需要17个网段)
思路:17个广播域:七个连接设备的骨干链路(直接把两个链路相连)+10个环回
把七个骨干链路看成一个网段,然后把这个网段继续划分
换回划法:每个路由器有两个环回,把两个环回当成一个用户网段(掩码往后加一位,就可以满足两个换回网段) 好处: 另一台路由器配置静态路由到达该路由器只需要到达该 汇总 的一个网段(母网相同,掩码相同)
所以要划 六 个网段 2的3次方 8 余2 借3位
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.000 00000/27---192.168.1.0/27---骨干电路
192.168.1.000 000 00/30---192.168.1.0/30 例:IP数:2的2次方=4,全0全1不能用 -2=2
192.168.1.000 001 00/30---192.168.1.4/30 7~12满足前六条骨干链路,最后一条骨干链 路, 一条掩码为30 的网段不能满足3个IP, 正好与一条保留地址汇总
192.168.1.000 010 00/30---192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.000 011 00/30---192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.000 100 00/30---192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.000 101 00/30---192.168.1.20/30
192.168.1.000 110 00/30---192.168.1.24/30
192.168.1.000 111 00/30---192.168.1.28/30---保留地址
192.168.1.24/29---DHCP
192.168.1.001 00000/27---192.168.1.32/27---R3环回
192.168.1.001 0 0000/28---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.001 1 0000/28---192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.010 00000/27---192.168.1.64/27---R4环回
192.168.1.010 0 0000/28---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.010 1 0000/28---192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.011 00000/27---192.168.1.96/27---R5环回
192.168.1.011 0 000/28---192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.011 1 000/28---192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.100 00000/27---192.168.1.128/27---R6环回
192.168.1.100 0 000/28---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.100 1 000/28---192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.101 00000/27---192.168.1.160/27---R7环回
192.168.1.100 0 000/28---192.168.1.160/28
192.168.1.100 1 000/28---192.168.1.176/28
192.168.1.110 00000/27---192.168.1.196/27---保留地址
192.168.1.111 00000/27---192.168.1.224/27---保留地址
分析2:路由器R7使用DHCP协议,给PC1,PC2分配IP地址
分析3:每台路由器设置两个环回,是指两个网段
分析4:全网负载均衡就是指等价路由
分析5:减少路由表数量,利用路由表汇总,缺省进行一个纯优化过程
分析6:全网可达,ping测试
3.IP规划
+每台路由器设置两个环路IP
AR3
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface G
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip addre
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Mar 20 2023 13:49:23-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface G
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
Mar 20 2023 13:50:32-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[Huawei]
Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time
Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface loop
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]int
[Huawei-LoopBack0]int 1
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[Huawei-LoopBack0]int l 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip add
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
AR4
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Mar 20 2023 15:22:27-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Mar 20 2023 15:23:48-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface l
[Huawei]interface LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]int l 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip add
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
AR5
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
Mar 20 2023 15:27:44-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
Mar 20 2023 15:28:39-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]int l1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.113 28
^
Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
AR6
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int
[Huawei]interface g
[Huawei]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
Mar 20 2023 15:41:51-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
Mar 20 2023 15:44:20-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
Mar 20 2023 15:45:14-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 1/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip add
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
Mar 20 2023 15:46:58-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol
IP on the interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]int l 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[Huawei-LoopBack0]int l 1
[Huawei-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
[Huawei-LoopBack1]q
AR7
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r7
[r7]int
[r7]int GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
Mar 20 2023 15:54:05-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/01
^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time
Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on
<r7>
Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time
Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on
<r7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r7]int l 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.161 28
[r7-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r7-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.177 28
[r7-LoopBack1]int g 0/0/2
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.25 29
Mar 20 2023 16:19:08-08:00 r7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
4.配置截图
路由器R7使用DHCP协议,给PC1,PC2分配IP
[r7]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[r7]ip pool 1
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
[r7-ip-pool-1]netw
[r7-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.24 m
[r7-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.24 mask 29
[r7-ip-pool-1]ga
[r7-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.25
[r7-ip-pool-1]dns
[r7-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[r7-ip-pool-1]q
[r7]int g
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[r7]int g 0/0/2
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp se
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select g
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
配置静态路由
AR3到AR4,5,6,及其环回路由(注:环回路由网段可进行汇总 , 注意网段和IP 地址区别)
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip rou
[Huawei]ip route-sta
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip rou
[Huawei]ip route-st
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip rou
[Huawei]ip route-st
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
AR3到AR7那边网段及其环回路由
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
注:使用缺省路由和等价路由
[Huawei]display this
[V200R003C00]
#
snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent
#
clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
#
return
对于AR3 来说,除了四个路由是直连的,其它13个原本都要配置,现在只要配置六条静态路由,其中还有一条等价路由
对于AR3,配置了两条缺省路由之后,是可以将其余四条删掉的,但又因为AR1配了两条缺省的等价路由,传递一个数据包会绕路,开销大,所以不删
对于其它几个路由同理一样
AR4
[Huawei]ip route-sta
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[Huawei]dis
[Huawei]display this
[V200R003C00]
#
snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent
#
clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
#
return
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[Huawei]display this
[V200R003C00]
#
snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent
#
clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
#
return
AR4少配一条192.168.1.12/30是因为缺省路由包括了
AR5
[Huawei]ip rou
[Huawei]ip route-st
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[Huawei]displ
[Huawei]display this
[V200R003C00]
#
snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000
snmp-agent
#
clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#
drop illegal-mac alarm
#
set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
#
return
AR6
AR6 AR7 浮动静态路由
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip rout
[Huawei]ip route-st
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[Huawei]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 pr
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 90
AR7
<r7>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r7]ip rout
[r7]ip route-st
[r7]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.17
[r7]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 pr
[r7]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 preference 90
5. 测试
各路都通,实验成功