Android提供的的动画系统有属性动画(Property Animation)、补间动画(View Animation)和帧动画(Drawable Animation)。现在比较常用的是属性动画,因为功能比较强大,正常我们直接对视图控件(View)进行属性动画的情况比较多,下面来介绍下动画效果Drawable的实现,相比View来讲Drawable更简单,使用起来也很方便。
一. 自定义Drawable
自定义动画Drawable只要继承Drawable并实现以下4个方法,同时实现Animatable接口:
public class CircleDrawable extends Drawable implements Animatable {
@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
// 绘图
}
@Override
public void setAlpha(int alpha) {
// 设置透明度
}
@Override
public void setColorFilter(ColorFilter colorFilter) {
// 设置颜色过滤
}
@Override
public int getOpacity() {
// 设置颜色格式
return PixelFormat.RGBA_8888;
}
@Override
public void start() {
// 启动动画
}
@Override
public void stop() {
// 停止动画
}
@Override
public boolean isRunning() {
// 判断动画是否运行
return false;
}
}
在这几个方法中我们主要来处理Drawable的绘制,即
draw()方法,和自定义View一样。我们要实现动画效果,也实现Animatable接口,它的3个方法都是和动画相关,方法意图也很明显。下面来自定义一个圆圈逐渐扩散消失的效果:
/**
* Created by long on 2016/7/2.
* 圆圈Drawable
*/
public class CircleDrawable extends Drawable implements Animatable {
private Paint mPaint;
// 动画控制
private ValueAnimator mValueAnimator;
// 扩散半径
private int mRadius;
// 绘制的矩形框
private RectF mRect = new RectF();
// 动画启动延迟时间
private int mStartDelay;
// 自定义一个扩散半径属性
Property<CircleDrawable, Integer> mRadiusProperty = new Property<CircleDrawable, Integer>(Integer.class, "radius") {
@Override
public void set(CircleDrawable object, Integer value) {
object.setRadius(value);
}
@Override
public Integer get(CircleDrawable object) {
return object.getRadius();
}
};
public int getRadius() {
return mRadius;
}
public void setRadius(int radius) {
mRadius = radius;
}
public CircleDrawable() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(5);
}
@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
// 绘制圆圈
canvas.drawCircle(mRect.centerX(), mRect.centerY(), mRadius, mPaint);
}
@Override
public void setAlpha(int alpha) {
mPaint.setAlpha(alpha);
}
@Override
public void setColorFilter(ColorFilter colorFilter) {
mPaint.setColorFilter(colorFilter);
}
@Override
public int getOpacity() {
return PixelFormat.RGBA_8888;
}
@Override
protected void onBoundsChange(Rect bounds) {
super.onBoundsChange(bounds);
mRect.set(_clipSquare(bounds));
if (isRunning()) {
stop();
}
// 计算最大半径
int maxRadius = (int) ((mRect.right - mRect.left) / 2);
// 控制扩散半径的属性变化
PropertyValuesHolder radiusHolder = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt(mRadiusProperty, 0, maxRadius);
// 控制透明度的属性变化
PropertyValuesHolder alphaHolder = PropertyValuesHolder.ofInt("alpha", 255, 0);
mValueAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofPropertyValuesHolder(this, radiusHolder, alphaHolder);
mValueAnimator.setStartDelay(mStartDelay);
mValueAnimator.setDuration(1200);
mValueAnimator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {
@Override
public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
// 监听属性动画并进行重绘
invalidateSelf();
}
});
// 设置动画无限循环
mValueAnimator.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.RESTART);
mValueAnimator.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE);
start();
}
/**
* 裁剪Rect为正方形
* @param rect
* @return
*/
private Rect _clipSquare(Rect rect) {
int w = rect.width();
int h = rect.height();
int min = Math.min(w, h);
int cx = rect.centerX();
int cy = rect.centerY();
int r = min / 2;
return new Rect(
cx - r,
cy - r,
cx + r,
cy + r
);
}
/************************************************************/
@Override
public void start() {
mValueAnimator.start();
}
@Override
public void stop() {
mValueAnimator.end();
}
@Override
public boolean isRunning() {
return mValueAnimator != null && mValueAnimator.isRunning();
}
public void setAnimatorDelay(int startDelay) {
mStartDelay = startDelay;
}
}
整个流程还是比较简单,在构造函数里对画笔进行了初始化操作,复写onBoundsChange(Rect bounds)接口来获取图形边框参数,比如将Drawable设置给ImageView时,这里就能获取到ImageView的边框大小。在这方法里将边框裁剪为正方形,因为我们要做圆圈Drawable嘛。然后剩下的就是属性动画的处理了,这里自定义了一个扩散半径属性
mRadiusProperty,用来控制绘制圆圈的半径,除了对半径的控制外还有对透明度的控制。如果对自定义属性Property和PropertyValuesHolder不清楚可以看下这个:
Androids属性动画PropertyValuesHolder的使用。
来看下给ImageView设置我们自定义的CircleDrawable的效果:
二. 包含多个动画Drawable
同理,实现包含多个动画的自定义Drawable也需要继承Drawable并实现Animatable接口,同时还要实现Drawable.Callback接口。先来看下Drawable.Callback的定义:
/*如果你想实现一个扩展子Drawable的动画drawable,那么你可以通过setCallBack(android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.Callback)
*来把你实现的该接口注册到动画drawable中。可以实现对动画的调度和执行
*/
public static interface Callback {
/**
* 当drawable重画时触发,这个点上drawable将被置为不可用
* @param 要求重画的drawable
*/
public void invalidateDrawable(Drawable who);
/**
* drawable可以通过该方法来安排动画的下一帧。可以仅仅简单的调用postAtTime(Runnable, Object, long)
* 来实现该方法。参数分别与方法的参数对应
* @param who The drawable being scheduled.
* @param what The action to execute.
* @param when The time (in milliseconds) to run
*/
public void scheduleDrawable(Drawable who, Runnable what, long when);
/**
*可以用于取消先前通过scheduleDrawable(Drawable who, Runnable what, long when)调度的某一帧。
*可以通过调用removeCallbacks(Runnable,Object)来实现
* @param who The drawable being unscheduled.
* @param what The action being unscheduled.
*/
public void unscheduleDrawable(Drawable who, Runnable what);
}
当我们需要重绘Drawable时,会调用
invalidateSelf()接口,来看下它是怎么操作的:
/**
* Use the current {@link Callback} implementation to have this Drawable
* redrawn. Does nothing if there is no Callback attached to the
* Drawable.
*
* @see Callback#invalidateDrawable
* @see #getCallback()
* @see #setCallback(android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.Callback)
*/
public void invalidateSelf() {
final Callback callback = getCallback();
if (callback != null) {
callback.invalidateDrawable(this);
}
}
需要如果给Drawable设置了
Drawable.Callback回调,就可以监听这个Drawable的重绘操作,并回调invalidateDrawable(Drawable who)方法。
好了,下面就可以来开始自定义带多个动画的Drawable,直接复用上面写的CircleDrawable,让多个CircleDrawable动画按顺序执行:
/**
* Created by long on 2016/7/2.
* 复数Circle的Drawable,需要实现Drawable.Callback接口
*/
public class MultiCircleDrawable extends Drawable implements Animatable, Drawable.Callback {
// 每个Drawable动画启动的间隔
private static final int EACH_CIRCLE_SPACE = 200;
// CircleDrawable数组
private CircleDrawable[] mCircleDrawables;
public MultiCircleDrawable() {
mCircleDrawables = new CircleDrawable[] {
new CircleDrawable(),
new CircleDrawable(),
new CircleDrawable()
};
for (int i = 0; i < mCircleDrawables.length; i++) {
// 设置动画启动延迟
mCircleDrawables[i].setAnimatorDelay(EACH_CIRCLE_SPACE * i);
// 设置回调监听,当CircleDrawable发生重绘时就会调用 invalidateDrawable(Drawable who) 方法
mCircleDrawables[i].setCallback(this);
}
}
@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
for (CircleDrawable drawable : mCircleDrawables) {
// 分层绘制每个CircleDrawable
int count = canvas.save();
drawable.draw(canvas);
canvas.restoreToCount(count);
}
}
@Override
public void setAlpha(int alpha) {
}
@Override
public void setColorFilter(ColorFilter colorFilter) {
}
@Override
public int getOpacity() {
return PixelFormat.RGBA_8888;
}
@Override
protected void onBoundsChange(Rect bounds) {
super.onBoundsChange(bounds);
for (CircleDrawable drawable : mCircleDrawables) {
drawable.onBoundsChange(bounds);
}
}
/************************************************************/
@Override
public void start() {
for (CircleDrawable drawable : mCircleDrawables) {
drawable.start();
}
}
@Override
public void stop() {
for (CircleDrawable drawable : mCircleDrawables) {
drawable.stop();
}
}
@Override
public boolean isRunning() {
for (CircleDrawable drawable : mCircleDrawables) {
if (drawable.isRunning()) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
public void invalidateDrawable(Drawable who) {
// 需要重绘,子Drawable发生重绘会调用这个方法通知父Drawable,如果有设置Callback回调监听的话
invalidateSelf();
}
@Override
public void scheduleDrawable(Drawable who, Runnable what, long when) {
}
@Override
public void unscheduleDrawable(Drawable who, Runnable what) {
}
}
可以看到上面复用了三个CircleDrawable,并给它们设置了
动画启动延迟和
Drawable.Callback回调,并在回调方法invalidateDrawable(Drawable who)里也对当前的MultiCircleDrawable进行重绘,即调用invalidateSelf()。这样就完成了多个动画Drawable的定义,来看下使用效果:
这只是简单介绍自定义Drawable的使用,可以自己定义更多好看的动画效果,以上的源代码:DrawableSample。
自定义Drawable的运用可以参考这个:实现360手机助手TabHost的波纹效果