机器学习---特征选择

当数据预处理完成后,我们需要选择有意义的特征输入机器学习的算法和模型进行训练。通常来说,从两个方面考虑来选择特征:

  • 特征是否发散:如果一个特征不发散,例如方差接近于0,也就是说样本在这个特征上基本上没有差异,这个特征对于样本的区分并没有什么用。
  • 特征与目标的相关性:这点比较显见,与目标相关性高的特征,应当优选选择。除移除低方差法外,本文介绍的其他方法均从相关性考虑。

根据特征选择的形式又可以将特征选择方法分为3种:

  • Filter:过滤法,按照发散性或者相关性对各个特征进行评分,设定阈值或者待选择阈值的个数,选择特征。
  • Wrapper:包装法,根据目标函数(通常是预测效果评分),每次选择若干特征,或者排除若干特征。
  • Embedded:嵌入法,先使用某些机器学习的算法和模型进行训练,得到各个特征的权值系数,根据系数从大到小选择特征。类似于Filter方法,但是是通过训练来确定特征的优劣。

特征选择主要有两个目的:

  • 减少特征数量、降维,使模型泛化能力更强,减少过拟合;
  • 增强对特征和特征值之间的理解。

特征选择:

https://blog.csdn.net/coffee_cream/article/details/61423223

https://blog.csdn.net/shingle_/article/details/51725054

https://blog.csdn.net/u012328159/article/details/53954522

特征选择常用算法综述:

http://www.cnblogs.com/heaad/archive/2011/01/02/1924088.html

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
n many data analysis tasks, one is often confronted with very high dimensional data. Feature selection techniques are designed to find the relevant feature subset of the original features which can facilitate clustering, classification and retrieval. The feature selection problem is essentially a combinatorial optimization problem which is computationally expensive. Traditional feature selection methods address this issue by selecting the top ranked features based on certain scores computed independently for each feature. These approaches neglect the possible correlation between different features and thus can not produce an optimal feature subset. Inspired from the recent developments on manifold learning and L1-regularized models for subset selection, we propose here a new approach, called {\em Multi-Cluster/Class Feature Selection} (MCFS), for feature selection. Specifically, we select those features such that the multi-cluster/class structure of the data can be best preserved. The corresponding optimization problem can be efficiently solved since it only involves a sparse eigen-problem and a L1-regularized least squares problem. It is important to note that MCFS can be applied in superised, unsupervised and semi-supervised cases. If you find these algoirthms useful, we appreciate it very much if you can cite our following works: Papers Deng Cai, Chiyuan Zhang, Xiaofei He, "Unsupervised Feature Selection for Multi-cluster Data", 16th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD'10), July 2010. Bibtex source Xiaofei He, Deng Cai, and Partha Niyogi, "Laplacian Score for Feature Selection", Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 18 (NIPS'05), Vancouver, Canada, 2005 Bibtex source
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值