设计模式之构建者模式扩展

设计模式之构建者模式扩展

建造者模式除了上面的用途外，在开发中还有一个常用的使用方式，**就是当一个类构造器需要传入很多参数时，如果创建这个类的实例，**代码可读性会非常差，而且很容易引入错误，此时就可以利用建造者模式进行重构。

重构前代码如下：

public class Phone {
    private String cpu;
    private String screen;
    private String memory;
    private String mainboard;

    public Phone(String cpu, String screen, String memory, String mainboard) {
        this.cpu = cpu;
        this.screen = screen;
        this.memory = memory;
        this.mainboard = mainboard;
    }

    public String getCpu() {
        return cpu;
    }

    public void setCpu(String cpu) {
        this.cpu = cpu;
    }

    public String getScreen() {
        return screen;
    }

    public void setScreen(String screen) {
        this.screen = screen;
    }

    public String getMemory() {
        return memory;
    }

    public void setMemory(String memory) {
        this.memory = memory;
    }

    public String getMainboard() {
        return mainboard;
    }

    public void setMainboard(String mainboard) {
        this.mainboard = mainboard;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Phone{" +
                "cpu='" + cpu + '\'' +
                ", screen='" + screen + '\'' +
                ", memory='" + memory + '\'' +
                ", mainboard='" + mainboard + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //构建Phone对象
        Phone phone = new Phone("intel","三星屏幕","金士顿","华硕");
        System.out.println(phone);
    }
}

上面在客户端代码中构建Phone对象，传递了四个参数，如果参数更多呢？代码的可读性及使用的成本就是比较高。

链式重构后代码：

public class Phone {

    private String cpu;
    private String screen;
    private String memory;
    private String mainboard;
	//构造方法私有化
    private Phone(Builder builder) {
        cpu = builder.cpu;
        screen = builder.screen;
        memory = builder.memory;
        mainboard = builder.mainboard;
    }
	//静态内部类
    public static final class Builder {
        //跟要创建的对象类的属性一致
        private String cpu;
        private String screen;
        private String memory;
        private String mainboard;

        public Builder() {}
		//返回一个当前的Builder对象
        public Builder cpu(String val) {
            cpu = val;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder screen(String val) {
            screen = val;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder memory(String val) {
            memory = val;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder mainboard(String val) {
            mainboard = val;
            return this;
        }
        public Phone build() {
            return new Phone(this);
        }
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Phone{" +
                "cpu='" + cpu + '\'' +
                ", screen='" + screen + '\'' +
                ", memory='" + memory + '\'' +
                ", mainboard='" + mainboard + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Phone phone = new Phone.Builder()
                .cpu("intel")
                .mainboard("华硕")
                .memory("金士顿")
                .screen("三星")
                .build();
        System.out.println(phone);
    }
}

重构后的代码在使用起来更方便，某种程度上也可以提高开发效率。从软件设计上，对程序员的要求比较高。