时间是GPS技术的基石,因为距离是以光速来测量

无线原子时间与卫星的时间支持

时间是GPS技术的基石,因为距离是以光速来测量。每个GPS卫星包含四个原子钟,用于以纳秒计算其无线电发射时间
。一个有趣的特点是，只需几行代码，这些原子钟可以毫秒的精度用于同步计算机时钟。
$ GPRMC第二条语句
040302.663，
用一个压缩格式包含来自卫星的在时间。前两个字符代表小时，接下来的两个代表分钟，下
两个代表秒，之后的所有小数位表示
毫秒。因此，时间是上午4:03:02.663。然而，卫星以全球通用时间报告时间（GMT+0），所以时间必须要
调整到当地时区。列表1-4增加了对来自卫星的时间的支持，并使用DateTime.ToLocalTime方法转换
卫星时间到本地时区。

'********************************************************
'** Listing 1-4. Add support for satellite-derived time
增加对卫星时间的支持 http://www.meicui.net 本地时区
'********************************************************
Public Class NmeaInterpreter
 ' Raised when the current location has changed
 Public Event PositionReceived(ByVal latitude As String, ByVal longitude As String)
 Public Event DateTimeChanged(ByVal dateTime As DateTime)
 ' Processes information from the GPS receiver
 Public Function Parse(ByVal sentence As String) As Boolean
 ' Discard the sentence if its checksum does not match our calculated checksum
 If Not IsValid(sentence) Then Return False
 ' Look at the first word to decide where to go next
 Select Case GetWords(sentence)(0)
Case "$GPRMC"' A "Recommended Minimum" sentence was found!
Return ParseGPRMC(sentence)
Case Else
' Indicate that the sentence was not recognized
Return False
 End Select
 End Function
 ' Divides a sentence into individual words
 Public Function GetWords(ByVal sentence As String) As String()
 Return sentence.Split(","c)
 End Function
 ' Interprets a $GPRMC message
 Public Function ParseGPRMC(ByVal sentence As String) As Boolean
 ' Divide the sentence into words
 Dim Words() As String = GetWords(sentence)
 ' Do we have enough values to describe our location?
 If Words(3) <> "" And Words(4) <> "" And Words(5) <> "" And Words(6) <> "" Then
' Yes. Extract latitude and longitude
Dim Latitude As String = Words(3).Substring(0, 2) & "�"' Append hours
Latitude = Latitude & Words(3).Substring(2) & """" ' Append minutes
Latitude = Latitude & Words(4)' Append the hemisphere
Dim Longitude As String = Words(5).Substring(0, 3) & "�"' Append hours
Longitude = Longitude & Words(5).Substring(3) & """" ' Append minutes
Longitude = Longitude & Words(6)' Append the hemisphere
' Notify the calling application of the change
RaiseEvent PositionReceived(Latitude, Longitude)
 End If
 ' Do we have enough values to parse satellite-derived time?
 If Words(1) <> "" Then
' Yes. Extract hours, minutes, seconds and milliseconds
Dim UtcHours As Integer = CType(Words(1).Substring(0, 2), Integer)
Dim UtcMinutes As Integer = CType(Words(1).Substring(2, 2), Integer)
Dim UtcSeconds As Integer = CType(Words(1).Substring(4, 2), Integer)
Dim UtcMilliseconds As Integer
' Extract milliseconds if it is available
If Words(1).Length > 7 Then UtcMilliseconds = CType(Words(1).Substring(7), Integer)
' Now build a DateTime object with all values
Dim Today As DateTime = System.DateTime.Now.ToUniversalTime
Dim SatelliteTime As New System.DateTime(Today.Year, Today.Month, _
Today.Day, UtcHours, UtcMinutes, UtcSeconds, UtcMilliseconds)
' Notify of the new time, adjusted to the local time zone
RaiseEvent DateTimeChanged(SatelliteTime.ToLocalTime)
 End If
 ' Indicate that the sentence was recognized
 Return True
 End Function
 ' Returns True if a sentence's checksum matches the calculated checksum
 Public Function IsValid(ByVal sentence As String) As Boolean
 ' Compare the characters after the asterisk to the calculation
 Return sentence.Substring(sentence.IndexOf("*") + 1) = GetChecksum(sentence)
 End Function
 ' Calculates the checksum for a sentence
 Public Function GetChecksum(ByVal sentence As String) As String
 ' Loop through all chars to get a checksum
 Dim Character As Char
 Dim Checksum As Integer
 For Each Character In sentence
Select Case Character
Case "$"c
 ' Ignore the dollar sign
Case "*"c
 ' Stop processing before the asterisk
 Exit For
Case Else
 ' Is this the first value for the checksum?
 If Checksum = 0 Then
 ' Yes. Set the checksum to the value
 Checksum = Convert.ToByte(Character)
 Else
 ' No. XOR the checksum with this character's value
 Checksum = Checksum Xor Convert.ToByte(Character)
 End If
End Select
 Next
 ' Return the checksum formatted as a two-character hexadecimal
 Return Checksum.ToString("X2")
 End Function
End Class