在Django中对表单form的定义涉及三个文件:
1、model.py:
定义form对应到数据库中的表,如:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from django.db import models
class Student(models.Model):
SEX_ITEMS = [
(1, '男'),
(2, '女'),
(0, '未知'),
]
STATUS_ITEMS = [
(0, '申请'),
(1, '通过'),
(2, '拒绝'),
]
name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="姓名")
sex = models.IntegerField(choices=SEX_ITEMS, verbose_name="性别")
profession = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="专业")
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="Email")
qq = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="QQ")
phone = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="手机号码")
status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_ITEMS, default=0, verbose_name="审核状态")
created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, editable=False, verbose_name="创建时间")
@property
def sex_show(self):
return dict(self.SEX_ITEMS)[self.sex]
@classmethod
def get_all(cls):
return cls.objects.all()
class Meta:
verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = "学员信息"
def __str__(self):
return '<Student: {}>'.format(self.name)
2、admin.py:
定义form对应的数据在后台显示的字段可可编辑字段,如:
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Student
@admin.register(Student)
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['id', 'name', 'sex', 'profession', 'email', 'qq', 'phone',
'status', 'created_time']
list_filter = ('sex', 'status', 'created_time')
search_fields = ('name', 'profession')
fieldsets = (
(None, {
'fields': (
'name',
('sex', 'profession'),
('email', 'qq', 'phone'),
'status',
)
}),
)
3、在包含form定义的APP目录下新建forms.py文件,在该文件中定义form在前台显示的字段,同时对前台提交的字段进行验证,如:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms
import re
from .models import Student
class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
# 增加QQ号必须为纯数字的校验
def clean_qq(self):
cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data['qq']
if not cleaned_data.isdigit():
raise forms.ValidationError('必须是数字!')
return int(cleaned_data)
# 增加手机号是否合法的验证
def clean_phone(self):
"""
通过正则表达式验证手机号码是否合法
:return: 手机号码
"""
mobile = self.cleaned_data['phone']
mobile_regex = r'^1[34578]\d{9}$'
p = re.compile(mobile_regex)
if p.match(mobile):
return int(mobile)
else:
raise forms.ValidationError('请填入有效的手机号码。', code='invalid mobile')
class Meta:
model = Student # 复用models.py里面的代码
# 前台显示可编辑的字段
fields = (
'name', 'sex', 'profession',
'email', 'qq', 'phone'
)
clean_开头的函数,django会逐个运行,所以可以在这些函数中对前台提交的字段数进行验证。
forms.py中clean开头的函数执行地方在保存数据到instance的时候: