Django中表单Form的使用

在Django中对表单form的定义涉及三个文件：

1、model.py：
定义form对应到数据库中的表，如：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.db import models


class Student(models.Model):
    SEX_ITEMS = [
        (1, '男'),
        (2, '女'),
        (0, '未知'),
    ]
    STATUS_ITEMS = [
        (0, '申请'),
        (1, '通过'),
        (2, '拒绝'),
    ]
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="姓名")
    sex = models.IntegerField(choices=SEX_ITEMS, verbose_name="性别")
    profession = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="专业")
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="Email")
    qq = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="QQ")
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="手机号码")
    status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_ITEMS, default=0, verbose_name="审核状态")
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, editable=False, verbose_name="创建时间")

    @property
    def sex_show(self):
        return dict(self.SEX_ITEMS)[self.sex]

    @classmethod
    def get_all(cls):
        return cls.objects.all()

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = "学员信息"

    def __str__(self):
        return '<Student: {}>'.format(self.name)

2、admin.py:
定义form对应的数据在后台显示的字段可可编辑字段，如：

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Student


@admin.register(Student)
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id', 'name', 'sex', 'profession', 'email', 'qq', 'phone',
                    'status', 'created_time']
    list_filter = ('sex', 'status', 'created_time')
    search_fields = ('name', 'profession')
    fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'fields': (
                'name',
                ('sex', 'profession'),
                ('email', 'qq', 'phone'),
                'status',
            )
        }),
    )

3、在包含form定义的APP目录下新建forms.py文件，在该文件中定义form在前台显示的字段，同时对前台提交的字段进行验证，如：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms

import re

from .models import Student


class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    # 增加QQ号必须为纯数字的校验
    def clean_qq(self):
        cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data['qq']
        if not cleaned_data.isdigit():
            raise forms.ValidationError('必须是数字！')
        return int(cleaned_data)

    # 增加手机号是否合法的验证
    def clean_phone(self):
        """
        通过正则表达式验证手机号码是否合法
        :return: 手机号码
        """
        mobile = self.cleaned_data['phone']
        mobile_regex = r'^1[34578]\d{9}$'
        p = re.compile(mobile_regex)
        if p.match(mobile):
            return int(mobile)
        else:
            raise forms.ValidationError('请填入有效的手机号码。', code='invalid mobile')

    class Meta:
        model = Student  # 复用models.py里面的代码
        # 前台显示可编辑的字段
        fields = (
            'name', 'sex', 'profession',
            'email', 'qq', 'phone'
        )

clean_开头的函数，django会逐个运行，所以可以在这些函数中对前台提交的字段数进行验证。
forms.py中clean开头的函数执行地方在保存数据到instance的时候：