线程安全——懒汉、饿汉、枚举、静态内部类

package com.concurrent.singleton;

/**
 * 懒汉模式--双重同步锁机制
 * 第一次调用时生成单例
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class SingletonExample3 {

    //私有构造函数
    private SingletonExample3() {

    }
    //生成对象的步骤：
    //1.分配对象的内存空间
    //2.初始化对象
    //3.设置对象指向刚分配的内存空间

    //使用volatile禁止指令重排序
    private volatile static SingletonExample3 instance = null;

    public static SingletonExample3 getInstance() {

        if (instance==null) {
            synchronized (SingletonExample3.class) {//同步锁
                if (instance==null) {
                    instance = new SingletonExample3();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

}

package com.concurrent.singleton;

/**
 * 饿汉模式
 * 类加载时生成单例
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class SingletonExample1 {

    //私有构造函数
    private SingletonExample1() {

    }

    private static SingletonExample1 singletonExample1 = new SingletonExample1();

    public static SingletonExample1 getInstance() {

        return singletonExample1;
    }

}

package com.concurrent.singleton;

/**
 * 饿汉模式
 * 类加载时生成单例
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class SingletonExample2 {

    //私有构造函数
    private SingletonExample2() {

    }

    private static SingletonExample2 singleton = null;
    static {
        singleton = new SingletonExample2();
    }

    public static SingletonExample2 getInstance() {

        return singleton;
    }

}

package com.concurrent.singleton;

/**
 * 枚举模式
 * @author 
 *
 */
public class SingletonExample4 {

    //私有构造函数
    private SingletonExample4() {

    }

    public static SingletonExample4 getInstance() {

        return Singleton.INSTANCE.getInstance();
    }

    //定义枚举
    private enum Singleton{
        INSTANCE;

        private SingletonExample4 singleton;

        //JVM保证这个方法只调用一次，而且是绝对的
        Singleton() {
            singleton = new SingletonExample4();
        }
        private SingletonExample4 getInstance() {
            return singleton;
        }
    }
}

package com.concurrent.singleton;

public class Singleton {

  // 私有化构造函数
    private Singleton() {

    }

    // 利用静态内部类特性实现外部类的单例
    private static class SingletonBuilder {
        private static Singleton singleton = new Singleton();
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return SingleTonBuilder.singleton;
    }
}