开发过程中经常使用到的DomBuilder,SaxBuilder都使用了建造者模式。
是将一个复杂的对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
建造者模式通常包括下面几个角色:
1. builder:给出一个抽象接口,以规范产品对象的各个组成成分的建造。这个接口规定要实现复杂对象的哪些部分的创建,并不涉及具体的对象部件的创建。
2. ConcreteBuilder:实现Builder接口,针对不同的商业逻辑,具体化复杂对象的各部分的创建。 在建造过程完成后,提供产品的实例。
3. Director:调用具体建造者来创建复杂对象的各个部分,在指导者中不涉及具体产品的信息,只负责保证对象各部分完整创建或按某种顺序创建。
4. Product:要创建的复杂对象。
Demo如下:
Product对象:飞船 (AirShip,其构成包括:轨道舱OrbitalModule、发动机Engine、逃生舱EscapeTower)
builder对象:飞船建造者AirShipBuilder(接口)
ConcreteBuilder对象:MyAirShipBuilder(实现类)
Director对象:飞船组装者AirShipDirector(接口) 、MyAirshipDirector(实现类)。
简单点说就是:生产者生产出组件(轨道舱、发动机、逃生舱)、组装者组装组件成产品飞船。
AirShip以及相关组件OrbitalModule、Engine、EscapeTower
public class AirShip {
private OrbitalModule orbitalModule; //轨道舱
private Engine engine; //发动机
private EscapeTower escapeTower; //逃逸塔
public void launch(){
System.out.println("发射!");
}
public OrbitalModule getOrbitalModule() {
return orbitalModule;
}
public void setOrbitalModule(OrbitalModule orbitalModule) {
this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
}
public Engine getEngine() {
return engine;
}
public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
this.engine = engine;
}
public EscapeTower getEscapeTower() {
return escapeTower;
}
public void setEscapeTower(EscapeTower escapeTower) {
this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
}
}
class OrbitalModule{
private String name;
public OrbitalModule(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
class Engine {
private String name;
public Engine(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
class EscapeTower{
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public EscapeTower(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
}
AirShipBuilder接口
public interface AirShipBuilder {
Engine builderEngine();
OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule();
EscapeTower builderEscapeTower();
}
MyAirShipBuilder对象
public class MyAirShipBuilder implements AirShipBuilder {
@Override
public Engine builderEngine() {
System.out.println("构建发动机");
return new Engine("发动机!");
}
@Override
public EscapeTower builderEscapeTower() {
System.out.println("构建逃逸塔");
return new EscapeTower("逃逸塔");
}
@Override
public OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule() {
System.out.println("构建轨道舱");
return new OrbitalModule("轨道舱");
}
}
AirShipDirector接口
public interface AirShipDirector {
/**
* 组装飞船对象
* @return
*/
AirShip directAirShip();
}
MyAirshipDirector对象
public class MyAirshipDirector implements AirShipDirector {
private AirShipBuilder builder;
public MyAirshipDirector(AirShipBuilder builder) {
this.builder = builder;
}
@Override
public AirShip directAirShip() {
Engine e = builder.builderEngine();
OrbitalModule o = builder.builderOrbitalModule();
EscapeTower et = builder.builderEscapeTower();
//装配成飞船对象
AirShip ship = new AirShip();
ship.setEngine(e);
ship.setEscapeTower(et);
ship.setOrbitalModule(o);
return ship;
}
}
测试
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AirShipDirector director = new MyAirshipDirector(new MyAirShipBuilder());
AirShip ship = director.directAirShip();
System.out.println(ship.getEngine().getName());
ship.launch();
}
}
运行结果:
构建发动机
构建轨道舱
构建逃逸塔
发动机!
发射!
当然,生产组件的动作可以使用工厂模式结合单例模式来实现。
新增组件生产的类ComponentFactory
public class ComponentFactory {
private static ComponentFactory instance = new ComponentFactory();
private ComponentFactory(){
if(instance!=null){
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
public static ComponentFactory getInstance(){
return instance;
}
public static Object createComponent(String component){
if("OrbitalModule".equals(component)){
return new OrbitalModule("轨道舱!");
} else if("Engine".equals(component)){
return new Engine("发动机!");
} else if("EscapeTower".equals(component)){
return new EscapeTower("逃逸塔!");
} else {
return null;
}
}
}
MyAirShipBuilder类改成如下:
public class MyAirShipBuilder implements AirShipBuilder {
@Override
public Engine builderEngine() {
System.out.println("构建发动机");
return (Engine) ComponentFactory.getInstance().createComponent("Engine");
}
@Override
public EscapeTower builderEscapeTower() {
System.out.println("构建逃逸塔");
return (EscapeTower) ComponentFactory.getInstance().createComponent("EscapeTower");
}
@Override
public OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule() {
System.out.println("构建轨道舱");
return (OrbitalModule) ComponentFactory.getInstance().createComponent("OrbitalModule");
}
}