Numpy具体用法相关内容（一）

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8

# ## 1、使用numpy读取txt文件数据

# ![title](txt_pic.jpg)

# In[3]:


import numpy

world_alcohol = numpy.genfromtxt("world_alcohol.txt", delimiter=",")   # 使用numpy加载txt文件
print(type(world_alcohol))
print(world_alcohol)


# ## 2、使用numpy定义数组

# In[4]:


#The numpy.array() function can take a list or list of lists as input. When we input a list, we get a one-dimensional array as a result:
vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20])   # 生成一维的数组数据
#When we input a list of lists, we get a matrix as a result:
matrix = numpy.array([[5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30], [35, 40, 45]])   # 生成二维的数组数据
print(vector)
print(matrix)


# ## 3、打印数组的维度

# In[5]:


#We can use the ndarray.shape property to figure out how many elements are in the array
vector = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(vector.shape)
#For matrices, the shape property contains a tuple with 2 elements.
matrix = numpy.array([[5, 10, 15], [20, 25, 30]])
print(matrix.shape)


# ## 4、获取数组的类型

# In[6]:


#Each value in a NumPy array has to have the same data type
#NumPy will automatically figure out an appropriate data type when reading in data or converting lists to arrays. 
#You can check the data type of a NumPy array using the dtype property.
numbers = numpy.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
numbers.dtype


# In[7]:


#When NumPy can't convert a value to a numeric data type like float or integer, it uses a special nan value that stands for Not a Number
#nan is the missing data
#1.98600000e+03 is actually 1.986 * 10 ^ 3
world_alcohol


# In[8]:


world_alcohol = numpy.genfromtxt("world_alcohol.txt", delimiter=",", dtype="U75", skip_header=1)  # skip_header=1:表示跳过第一行的标题栏
print(world_alcohol)


# ## 5、获取数组中的元素

# In[11]:


uruguay_other_1986 = world_alcohol[1,4]
third_country = world_alcohol[2,2]
print(uruguay_other_1986)
print(third_country)


# In[13]:


vector = numpy.array([5, 10, 15, 20])
print(vector[0:3])  # 包头不包尾


# In[16]:


matrix = numpy.array([
                    [5, 10, 15], 
                    [20, 25, 30],
                    [35, 40, 45]
                 ])       # 获取二维数组中某列元素
print(matrix[:,1])


# In[17]:


matrix = numpy.array([
                    [5, 10, 15], 
                    [20, 25, 30],
                    [35, 40, 45]
                 ])       # # 获取二维数组中某几列元素
print(matrix[:,0:2])


# In[18]:


matrix = numpy.array([
                    [5, 10, 15], 
                    [20, 25, 30],
                    [35, 40, 45]
                 ])
print(matrix[1:3,0:2])