英语 - “甩锅”和“挖坑“用英语怎么说

疫情期间，有些西方国家故意将这次疫情爆发的责任甩锅给中国，外交部也多次礼貌回怼。

那么，“甩锅”、“背锅”用英语要怎么说呢?

外交部用到的“甩锅”的表达方式是shifting the blame(推卸责任)或make sb a scapegoat(使某人成为替罪羊)。

除了这两种说法外，还可以用pass the buck来表示甩锅。

Buck原意是雄鹿，但是这里指刀柄是鹿角做成的猎刀。在早年美国西部这种猎刀几乎人手一把。牌桌的规矩是轮流做庄发牌。打完一付牌就轮到坐在发牌人左边的那位发。为了不搞错，人们就在牌桌上传递一把猎刀帮助记忆。每人发完牌就把猎刀传给下一个发牌人。也就是pass the buck，意思是把发牌的责任交给他了。

如果玩家不想发牌时，可将轮到的鹿角刀传给下一个玩家，也就引申出了推卸责任的意思。美国总统杜鲁门非常爱打扑克，他在白宫的办公桌上贴着这样一条标语：the buck stops here。刚才说过习惯用语pass the buck意思是推卸责任。换句话说就是把责任推到别人身上。

"passing the buck"一词源于扑克牌，在扑克牌中，一个被称为 "buck "的令牌表示庄家。

嘿，这不是传说。"Passing the buck "一词确实来自牌桌。根据《兰登书屋美国俚语历史词典》（Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang），"buck" 是扑克牌中用来表示庄家的令牌。根据《新牛津美国字典》，"buck "最初是一种 "有柄刀"，据推测指的是鹿角。轮到下一个人发牌时，你就把鹿角或刀递给他。从理论上讲，不想承担发牌责任的人可以把 "buck" 递给另一个人。

这个词似乎是在南北战争时期开始使用的。马克-吐温（Mark Twain）在 1871 年出版的《Roughing It》一书中写道："我想我不能跟这手牌。轮到下一人"。

The phrase “passing the buck” comes from poker where a token, called a buck, indicated the dealer.

Bingo! This is not a myth. The phrase “passing the buck” does come from the card table. According to the Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang, a buck was a token used in poker to indicate the dealer. According to the New Oxford American Dictionary, the buck was originally a “buck-handled knife,” by which they presumably mean a deer antler. It was the next person’s turn to deal, you passed the buck, or the knife, to him. Theoretically, someone who didn’t want the responsibility of dealing could pass the buck to another player.

The term seems to come into use around the time of the Civil War. Mark Twain’s Roughing It (1871) says, “I reckon I can’t call that hand. Ante and pass the buck.”

例句：

The difference between my opponent and me is that he's built his whole career on blaming others when things go wrong. I promise you, friends, that if you elect me the buck stops here!

我跟对手间的不同在于他发迹靠的是出问题时把罪责全归究于他人。朋友们，如果你们选我，我向你们保证一定一人做事一人当。

如果想直译推卸责任，也可以用shirk one’s responsibility来表达。

而“背锅”的英文相应地就可以说take the blame for the faults of others(为他人过失承担责任)或be made a scapegoat(被当成替罪羊)。

另外，还可以用carry the can来表达，这个词组来源于描述过去帮所有人拿啤酒，然后把空啤酒还回去的人。

很明显如果团队里的啤酒数量不对或有啤酒洒出的情况，就需要这个人承担责任，而后就引申出了背黑锅的意思。

出了问题，有人会甩锅。还有一种情况，就是挖了坑给你跳，这个用英语说也简单，就是dig holes。

例句：

My boss is good at (digging himself into a hole/getting himself into deep trouble), and I'm there to (bail him out/save his skin/save his neck/save his hide).

在英语中，"挖坑 "可译为 "挖一个坑 "或 "挖一个洞"。它也有比喻的意思，如 "设置陷阱"，或者在网络俚语中，"在没有完成其他项目或工作的情况下，开始一个新的项目或创作 "。

In English, “挖坑” can be translated as “to dig a pit” or “to dig a hole.” It can also have a figurative meaning, such as “to set up a trap” or, in internet slang, "to start a new project or creative work without finishing others."

参考；

1，Soho

“甩锅”、“背锅”用英语怎么说？_the

2，VOA

https://www.voachinese.com/a/wi382/1696069.html

3，知乎

“挖坑”和“填坑”在英文中怎么表达？ - 知乎

4，Bing Copilot

5，Historymyths

Myth #116: The phrase “passing the buck” comes from poker where a token, called a buck, indicated the dealer. | History Myths Debunked

6，Grammarphobia

The Grammarphobia Blog: Passing the buck