学习python写网络爬虫（三）

链接爬虫，通过跟踪页面内的链接，通过正则表达式来确定需要下载的页面的url，通过set来去除重复的链接

# coding=utf-8
import urllib2
import re
import urlparse


def download(url, user_agent='wswp', num_retries=2):
    print 'Downloading:', url
    headers = {'User-agent': user_agent}
    request = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers)
    try:
        html = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
    except urllib2.URLError as e:
        print 'Download error:', e.reason
        html = None
        if num_retries > 0:
            if hasattr(e, 'code') and 500 <= e.code < 600:
                return download(url, num_retries - 1)
    return html


def link_crawler(seed_url, link_regex):
    """Crawl from the given seed URL follwoing links matched by link_regex"""
    crawl_queue = [seed_url]
    #防止抓取重复的url
    seen = set(crawl_queue)
    while crawl_queue:
        url = crawl_queue.pop()
        html = download(url)
        for link in get_links(html):
            if re.match(link_regex, link):
                link = urlparse.urljoin(seed_url, link)
                if link not in seen:
                    seen.add(link)
                    crawl_queue.append(link)
                    #测试一下，打印出抓取到的url
                    print link


def get_links(html):
    """Return a list of links from html"""
    webpage_regex = re.compile('<a[^>]+href=["\'](.*?)["\']',re.IGNORECASE)
    return webpage_regex.findall(html)
##############不要忘记com后边的斜杠，我之前忘了斜杠，导致一直出错
link_crawler('http://example.webscraping.com/','/(index|view)')