解:
a:
Y A = α X A ( m o d q ) = 5 15 ( m o d 157 ) = 79 Y_A=\alpha ^{X_A} \pmod q=5^{15} \pmod {157} = 79 YA=αXA(modq)=515(mod157)=79
b:
Y B = α X B ( m o d q ) = 5 27 ( m o d 157 ) = 65 Y_B=\alpha ^{X_B} \pmod q=5^{27} \pmod {157} = 65 YB=αXB(modq)=527(mod157)=65
c:
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78
K=Y_A ^{X_B} \pmod q=Y_B ^{X_A} \pmod q=65^{15} \pmod {157} = 78
K=YAXB(modq)=YBXA(modq)=6515(mod157)=78
解:
a:
∵ Y B = α X B ( m o d q ) Y_B=\alpha ^{X_B}\pmod q YB=αXB(modq)
∴ 10 = 5 X B ( m o d 23 ) 10=5^{X_B}\pmod {23} 10=5XB(mod23)
将1至22依次代入 X B X_B XB得:当 X B = 3 X_B=3 XB=3时,满足上式。
故Bob’s private key X B = 3 X_B=3 XB=3.
b:
Shared key: K = Y A X B ( m o d q ) = 8 3 ( m o d 23 ) = 6 K=Y_A^{X_B}\pmod q=8^3\pmod {23} = 6 K=YAXB(modq)=83(mod23)=6
c:
①定义法
5 1 ( m o d 23 ) = 5 5^1\pmod{23}=5 51(mod23)=5 | 5 2 ( m o d 23 ) = 2 5^2\pmod{23}=2 52(mod23)=2 | 5 3 ( m o d 23 ) = 10 5^3\pmod{23}=10 53(mod23)=10 | 5 4 ( m o d 23 ) = 4 5^4\pmod{23}=4 54(mod23)=4 |
---|---|---|---|
5 5 ( m o d 23 ) = 20 5^5\pmod{23}=20 55(mod23)=20 | 5 6 ( m o d 23 ) = 8 5^6\pmod{23}=8 56(mod23)=8 | 5 7 ( m o d 23 ) = 17 5^7\pmod{23}=17 57(mod23)=17 | 5 8 ( m o d 23 ) = 16 5^8\pmod{23}=16 58(mod23)=16 |
5 9 ( m o d 23 ) = 11 5^9\pmod{23}=11 59(mod23)=11 | 5 10 ( m o d 23 ) = 9 5^{10}\pmod{23}=9 510(mod23)=9 | 5 11 ( m o d 23 ) = 22 5^{11}\pmod{23}=22 511(mod23)=22 | 5 12 ( m o d 23 ) = 18 5^{12}\pmod{23}=18 512(mod23)=18 |
5 13 ( m o d 23 ) = 21 5^{13}\pmod{23}=21 513(mod23)=21 | 5 14 ( m o d 23 ) = 13 5^{14}\pmod{23}=13 514(mod23)=13 | 5 15 ( m o d 23 ) = 19 5^{15}\pmod{23}=19 515(mod23)=19 | 5 16 ( m o d 23 ) = 3 5^{16}\pmod{23}=3 516(mod23)=3 |
5 17 ( m o d 23 ) = 15 5^{17}\pmod{23}=15 517(mod23)=15 | 5 18 ( m o d 23 ) = 6 5^{18}\pmod{23}=6 518(mod23)=6 | 5 19 ( m o d 23 ) = 7 5^{19}\pmod{23}=7 519(mod23)=7 | 5 20 ( m o d 23 ) = 12 5^{20}\pmod{23}=12 520(mod23)=12 |
5 21 ( m o d 23 ) = 14 5^{21}\pmod{23}=14 521(mod23)=14 | 5 22 ( m o d 23 ) = 1 5^{22}\pmod{23}=1 522(mod23)=1 | 5 2 3 ( m o d 23 ) = 5 5^23\pmod{23}=5 523(mod23)=5 |
∵5的1至22次方模23是整数1-22的一个置换
∴5是23的本原根
②CINTA中求生成元的办法:
∵23-1=22的所有因子为2和11
又∵ 5 2 ( m o d 23 ) = 2 ≠ 1 5^2\pmod {23}=2\ne 1 52(mod23)=2=1, 5 11 ( m o d 23 ) = 22 ≠ 1 5^{11}\pmod {23}=22\ne 1 511(mod23)=22=1
∴5是23的本原根