Android笔记3--- Activity,碎片

[1]Activity四种状态

1. 运行
2. 暂停
3. 停止
4. 销毁

[2]Activity生命周期

[3]创建Activity:两种方式(向导和手动)

1. 创建继承自Activity的Activity
2. 重写需要的回调方法 --OnCreate()
3. 设置要显示的视图 --setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) 设置布局

[4]配置Activity(向导方式不需要)

AndroidManifest.xml中设置:

<activity android:name=".DetailActivity"
				android:label="详细"></activity>

[5]启动和关闭Activity

• 关闭Activity --finish()
• 刷新当前Activity --onCreate(null)
• 完成跳转:

Intent yw = new Intent(MainActivity.this,ForgetPassword.class);
startActivity(yw);

[6]Bundle 以键值对的形式存在

创建

//创建Intent
  Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,address.class);
//创建Bundle保存数据
  Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
  bundle.putCharSequence("name",name);
  bundle.putCharSequence("phone",phone);
  bundle.putCharSequence("site1",site1);
  bundle.putCharSequence("site2",site2);
  bundle.putCharSequence("site3",site3);
//bundle把数据交给intent
  intent.putExtras(bundle);
  startActivity(intent);

获取

 //获取intent
Intent intent =getIntent();
 //获取bundle数据
 Bundle bundle =intent.getExtras();

 String name =bundle.getString("name");
 String phone = bundle.getString("phone");
 String site = bundle.getString("site1")+bundle.getString("site2")+bundle.getString("site3");

[7]调用另一个Activity并返回结果

• startActivityForResult(Intent intent,int requestCode) 通过请求码启动
• 更换图像案例

//主程序中
 Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this,Main2Activity.class);
                startActivityForResult(intent,0x11);
 //最后,在主程序中重写onActivityResult
    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if(requestCode==0x11&&resultCode==0x11){
            Bundle bundle =data.getExtras();
            int imageId = bundle.getInt("imageId");
            ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.add);
            imageView.setImageResource(imageId);
        }
    }               

    //资源程序中
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Intent intent=getIntent();
                //新建bundle保存数据
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putInt("imageId",picture[position]);
                intent.putExtras(bundle);
                //返回码
                setResult(0x11,intent);
                finish();
            }

[8]Fragment–碎片,嵌入在活动中的UI片段

• Fragment创建

//1.让一个类继承Fragment
//2.建立fragment布局文件
//3.重写OnCreateView方法

public class Find_Fragment extends Fragment {
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.find_fragment,null);
        return view;
    }
}

• 在Activity中添加Fragment
  1.直接在布局文件中添加
  2.当Activity运行时添加

通过Fragment制作简易版新闻应用
1.添加依赖库

dependencies {
   ...
    implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:28.0.0'
}

2.新建新闻实体类

public class News {
    private String title;
    private String content;

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
}

3.新建新闻Fragment
布局news_content_frag.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    >

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/visibility_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:visibility="invisible">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:textSize="20sp"/>
        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="1dp"
            android:background="#000"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="15dp"
            android:textSize="18sp"/>

    </LinearLayout>
    <View
        android:layout_width="1dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:background="#000"/>

</RelativeLayout>

NewsContentFragment

public class NewsContentFragment extends Fragment {
    private View view;

    public NewsContentFragment() {
        // Required empty public constructor
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
                    view =inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_news_content, container, false);
        return view;
    }
    public void refresh(String newsTitle,String newsContent){
        View visibilityLayout =view.findViewById(R.id.visibility_layout);
        visibilityLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        TextView newsTitleText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_title);
        TextView newsContentText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_content);
        newsContentText.setText(newsContent);
        newsTitleText.setText(newsTitle);
    }

}

4. news_content.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--RecyclerView的子项布局-->
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/news_title"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:singleLine="true"
    android:ellipsize="end"
    android:textSize="18sp"
    android:paddingLeft="10dp"
    android:paddingRight="10dp"
    android:paddingTop="15dp"
    android:paddingBottom="15dp"
    >

</TextView>

5. 新建新闻列表的布局 news_title_frag.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    
    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/news_title_recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"></android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView>
</LinearLayout>

新闻列表的碎片中加入内部类NewsAdapter,作为RecyclerView的适配器

public class NewsTitleFragment extends Fragment {

    private boolean isTwoPane;

    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_title_frag,container,false);

        RecyclerView newTitleRecyclerView=(RecyclerView)view.findViewById(R.id.news_title_recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager=new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());

        newTitleRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        NewsAdapter adapter=new NewsAdapter(getNews());
        newTitleRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        return view;
    }
    private List<News> getNews(){      //加入列表数据
        List<News> newsList=new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i=1;i<=50;i++){
            News news=new News();
            news.setTitle("This is news title "+i);
            news.setContent(getRandomLengthContent("This is news content "+i+"."));
            newsList.add(news);
        }
        return newsList;
    }
    private  String getRandomLengthContent(String content){  //得到随机内容的方法
        Random random=new Random();
        int length=random.nextInt(20)+1;
        StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder();
        for(int i=0;i<length;i++){
            builder.append(content);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }
    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        if(getActivity().findViewById(R.id.news_content_layout)!=null){
            isTwoPane=true;
        }
        else {
            isTwoPane=false;
        }
    }
    class NewsAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<NewsAdapter.ViewHolder>{

        private List<News>mNewsList;
        class ViewHolder extends  RecyclerView.ViewHolder{

            TextView newsTitleText;
            public  ViewHolder(View view){
                super(view);
                newsTitleText=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.news_title);

            }
        }
        public  NewsAdapter(List<News> newsList){
            mNewsList=newsList;
        }

        @Override
        public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.news_item, parent, false);
            final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
            view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    News news = mNewsList.get(holder.getAdapterPosition());
                    if (isTwoPane) {
					//如果是双页模式，则刷新NewsContentFragment中的内容

                        NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment = (NewsContentFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
                        newsContentFragment.refresh(news.getTitle(), news.getContent());
                    } else {
						//如果是单页模式，则直接启动NewsContentActivity
                        NewsContentActivity.actionStart(getActivity(), news.getTitle(), news.getContent());
                    }
                }
            });
            return holder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
            News news=mNewsList.get(position);
            holder.newsTitleText.setText(news.getTitle());
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return mNewsList.size();
        }
    }

}

6. RecyclerView子项布局 news_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--RecyclerView的子项布局-->
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/news_title"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:singleLine="true"
    android:ellipsize="end"
    android:textSize="18sp"
    android:paddingLeft="10dp"
    android:paddingRight="10dp"
    android:paddingTop="15dp"
    android:paddingBottom="15dp"
    >

</TextView>

7. 修改主布局代码:activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/news_title_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
<!--单页模式下,只会加载一个新闻标题的碎片-->
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:name="appstore.xianchuang.com.fragmentbestpractice.NewsTitleFragment"/>

</FrameLayout>

8. 新建一个layout_sw600dp文件夹,建 activity_main.xml,必须通过复制的方法建 立,要不然不成功

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:id="@+id/news_title_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
   >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:name="appstore.xianchuang.com.fragmentbestpractice.NewsTitleFragment"/>
    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/news_content_layout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="3"
        >
        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/news_content_fragment"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:name="appstore.xianchuang.com.fragmentbestpractice.NewsContentFragment"/>

    </FrameLayout>

</LinearLayout>