三、一个规范的日期类

之前的学习中我们经常以日期类Date作为例子帮助我们理解，但实际上我们之前实现的类是不规范的。一个规范的类，应该是声明和定义分开的，在有了前边知识的基础后，下面我们来实现一个规范的日期类Date。

下面的代码实际上在之前的例子中都是出现过的，所以具体实现过程不再过多赘述。

21.1 结构设计

Date.h:函数和类的声明
Date.cpp：函数的实现
Test.cpp：测试类

21.2 完整代码

21.2.1 Date.h

#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
class Date
{
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d);
public:
    explicit Date(int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1);//一般规定在声明的地方给出缺省参数
    int GetMonthDay(int year, int month) const;
    Date& operator+=(int day);
    Date operator+(int day) const;
    Date& operator-=(int day);
    Date operator-(int day) const;
    Date& operator++();//前置++
    Date operator++(int);//后置++
    Date& operator--();//前置--
    Date operator--(int);//后置--
    int operator-(const Date& d);
    bool operator==(const Date& d) const;
    bool operator<(const Date& d) const;
    bool operator<=(const Date& d) const;
    bool operator>(const Date& d) const;
    bool operator>=(const Date& d) const;
    bool operator!=(const Date& d) const;
    void Print();
    
private:
    int _year;
    int _month;
    int _day;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d);
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d);

21.2.2 Date.cpp

#include "Date.h"
int Date::GetMonthDay(int year, int month) const
{
    int monthArray[13] = { 0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
    assert(month > 0 && month < 13);
    if (month == 2 && ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0)))
    {
        return 29;
    }
    else
    {
        return monthArray[month];
    }
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day)
{
    //检查日期是否合法
    if (month > 0 && month < 13
        && (day > 0 && day <= GetMonthDay(year, month)))
    {
        _year = year;
        _month = month;
        _day = day;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "日期非法" << endl;
    }
}
Date& Date::operator+=(int day)
{
    if (day < 0)
    {
        *this -= (-day);
        return *this;
    }
    _day += day;
    if (_day < 0)
    {

    }
    while (_day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
    {
        _day -= GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
        _month++;
        if (_month == 13)
        {
            _year++;
            _month = 1;
        }
    }
    return *this;
}
Date Date::operator+(int day) const
{
    Date tmp = *this;
    /*tmp._day += day;
    while (tmp._day > GetMonthDay(tmp._year, tmp._month))
    {
        tmp._day -= GetMonthDay(tmp._year, tmp._month);
        tmp._month++;
        if (tmp._month == 13)
        {
            tmp._year++;
            tmp._month = 1;
        }
    }*/
    tmp += day;//复用operator+=
    return tmp;
}
Date& Date::operator++()
{
    *this += 1;
    return *this;
}
Date Date::operator++(int)
{
    Date tmp(*this);
    *this += 1;
    return tmp;
}
Date& Date::operator-=(int day)
{
    if (day < 0)
    {
        *this += (-day);
        return *this;
    }
    _day -= day;
    while (_day <= 0)
    {
        _month--;
        if (_month == 0)
        {
            _year--;
            _month = 12;
        }
        _day += GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
    }
    return *this;

}
Date Date::operator-(int day) const
{
    Date tmp = *this;
    tmp -= day;
    return tmp;
}
Date& Date::operator--()
{
    *this -= 1;
    return *this;
}
Date Date::operator--(int)
{
    Date tmp(*this);
    *this -= 1;
    return tmp;
}   
int Date::operator-(const Date& d)
{
    Date max = *this;
    Date min = d;
    int flag = 1;
    int n = 0;
    if (*this < d)
    {
        max = d;
        min = *this;
        flag = -1;
    }
    while (min != max)
    {
        min++;
        n++;
    }
    return n;
}
bool Date::operator==(const Date& d) const
{
    return _year == d._year
        && _month == d._month
        && _day == d._day;
}
bool Date::operator<(const Date& d) const
{
    return _year < d._year
        || (_year == d._year && _month < d._month)
        || (_year == d._year && _month == d._month && _day < d._day);
}
bool Date::operator<=(const Date& d) const
{
    return *this < d || *this == d;
}
bool Date::operator>(const Date& d) const
{
    return !(*this <= d);
}
bool Date::operator>=(const Date& d) const
{
    return !(*this < d);
}
bool Date::operator!=(const Date& d) const
{
    return !(*this == d);
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d)
{
    out << d._year << "年" << d._month << "月" << d._day << "日" << endl;
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d)
{
    in >> d._year >> d._month >> d._day;
    return in;
}
void Date::Print()
{
    cout << _year << "年" << _month << "月" << _day << "日" << endl;
}

21.2.3 Test.cpp

#include "Date.h"
void TestDate1()//测试operator<<
{
	cout << "TestDate1:测试<<" << endl;
	Date d1(2023, 10, 5);
	cout << d1;
}
void TestDate2()//测试>>
{
	cout << "TestDate2:测试>>" << endl;
	Date d1;
	cin >> d1;
	cout << d1;
}
void TestDate3()//测试+=、+、前置++、后置++
{
	cout << "TestDate3.1:测试+=" << endl;
	Date d1(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d1;
	d1 += 30;
	cout << "加上30天后为：" << d1;
	cout << "TestDate3.2:测试+" << endl;
	Date d2(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d2;
	d2 = d1 + 30;
	cout << "d1加上30天后为：" << d1;
	cout << "TestDate3.3:测试前置++" << endl;
	Date d3(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d3;
	cout << ++d3;
	cout << ++d3;
	cout << "TestDate3.4:测试后置++" << endl;
	Date d4(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d4;
	cout << d4++;
	cout << d4++;
}
void TestDate4()//测试-=、日期-天数、前置--、后置--、日期相-
{
	cout << "TestDate4.1:测试-=" << endl;
	Date d1(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d1;
	d1 -= 1;
	cout << "减上1天后为：" << d1;
	cout << "TestDate4.2:日期减天数" << endl;
	Date d2(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d2;
	d2 = d2 - 1;
	cout << "d1减1天后为：" << d1;
	cout << "TestDate4.3:测试前置--" << endl;
	Date d3(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d3;
	cout << --d3;
	cout << --d3;
	cout << "TestDate4.4:测试后置--" << endl;
	Date d4(2023, 1, 1);
	cout << d4;
	cout << d4--;
	cout << d4--;
	cout << "TestDate4.5:测试日期相减" << endl;
	Date d5(2023, 1, 1);
	Date d6(2023, 10, 1);
	int ret = d6 - d5;
	cout << d5;
	cout << d6;
	cout << "两个日期相差" << ret << "天";
}
void TestDate5()//测试==、<、<=、>、>=、!=
{
	cout << "TestDate5.1:测试==" << endl;
	Date d1;
	Date d2;
	cout << "d1:" << d1;
	cout << "d2:" << d2;
	if (d1 == d2)
	{
		cout << "d1 == d2" << endl;
	}
	cout << "TestDate5.2:测试<" << endl;
	Date d3(2023, 1, 1);
	Date d4(2023, 1, 2);
	cout << "d3:" << d3;
	cout << "d4:" << d4;
	if (d3 < d4)
	{
		cout << "d3 < d4" << endl;
	}
	cout << "TestDate5.3:测试<=" << endl;
	Date d5(2023, 1, 1);
	Date d6(2023, 1, 1); 
	Date d7(2022, 12, 31);
	cout << "d5:" << d5;
	cout << "d6:" << d6;
	cout << "d7:" << d7;
	if (d5 <= d6)
	{
		cout << "d5 <= d6" << endl;
	}
	if (d7 <= d6)
	{
		cout << "d7 <= d6" << endl;
	}
	cout << "TestDate5.4:测试>" << endl;
	Date d8(2023, 1, 1);
	Date d9(2023, 1, 2);
	cout << "d8:" << d8;
	cout << "d9:" << d9;
	if (d9 > d8)
	{
		cout << "d9 > d8" << endl;
	}
	cout << "TestDate5.5:测试>=" << endl;
	Date d10(2023, 1, 1);
	Date d11(2023, 1, 1);
	Date d12(2022, 12, 31);
	cout << "d10:" << d10;
	cout << "d11:" << d11;
	cout << "d12:" << d12;
	if (d11 >= d10)
	{
		cout << "d11 >= d10" << endl;
	}
	if (d11 >= d12)
	{
		cout << "d11 >= d12" << endl;
	}
	cout << "TestDate5.6:测试!=" << endl;
	Date d13(2023, 1, 1);
	Date d14(2023, 1, 2);
	cout << "d13:" << d13;
	cout << "d14:" << d14;
	if (d13 != d14)
	{
		cout << "d13 != d14" << endl;
	}
}
int main()
{
	TestDate5();
	return 0;
}