图像处理之图像平移

一、图像平移

图像平移：将图像上的所有像素点按照给定的偏移量移动，平移不改变图像内容，只改变图像位置

设像素点$(x,y)$进行平移到点$(x^{\ast },y^{\ast })$，其中$x$轴方向的平移量为$\Delta x$，$y$轴方向的平移量为$\Delta y$，则平移变换公式为：
$$\{\begin{array}{c}{x}^{\ast }=x+\Delta x\\ y^{\ast }=y+\Delta y\end{array}$$
用矩阵表示为：
$$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}^{\ast }\\ y^{\ast }\\ 1\end{array}\right\}=\left\{\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& \Delta x\\ 0& 1& \Delta y\\ 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right\}\left\{\begin{array}{c}x\\ y\\ 1\end{array}\right\}$$

0. 待平移处理的原图像

1. 不使用MATLAB自带函数

clc,clear,close all;
Image = im2double(imread('flower.jpg'));
[h, w, c] = size(Image);
NewImage1 = ones(h, w, c);
deltx = 20; delty = 40;
for Newx = 1:w
    for Newy = 1:h
        x = Newx - deltx;
        y = Newy - delty;
        if x > 0 && x < w && y > 0 && y < h
            NewImage1(Newy, Newx, :) = Image(y, x, :);
        end
    end
end
NewImage2 = ones(h, w, c);
deltx = -20; delty = 40;
for Newx = 1:w
    for Newy = 1:h
        x = Newx - deltx;
        y = Newy - delty;
        if x > 0 && x < w && y > 0 && y < h
            NewImage2(Newy, Newx, :) = Image(y, x, :);
        end
    end
end
NewImage3 = ones(h, w, c);
deltx = 20; delty = -40;
for Newx = 1:w
    for Newy = 1:h
        x = Newx - deltx;
        y = Newy - delty;
        if x > 0 && x < w && y > 0 && y < h
            NewImage3(Newy, Newx, :) = Image(y, x, :);
        end
    end
end
NewImage4 = ones(h, w, c);
deltx = -20; delty = -40;
for Newx = 1:w
    for Newy = 1:h
        x = Newx - deltx;
        y = Newy - delty;
        if x > 0 && x < w && y > 0 && y < h
            NewImage4(Newy, Newx, :) = Image(y, x, :);
        end
    end
end
subplot(221), imshow(NewImage1), title('deltx = 20, delty = 40');
subplot(222), imshow(NewImage2), title('deltx = -20, delty = 40');
subplot(223), imshow(NewImage3), title('deltx = 20, delty = -40');
subplot(224), imshow(NewImage4), title('deltx = -20, delty = -40');

图像平移效果图：

2. 使用MATLAB自带函数

%% 函数解析
% 产生转换结构
TForm = maketform(TransformType)
其中：TransformType可取'affine'、'profective'、'custom'、'box'、'composite'
% 平移变换
NewImage = imtransform(OldImage, TForm , ...)

clc,clear,close all;
Image = imread('flower.jpg');
deltax= 20;deltay = 40;
T = maketform('affine', [1 0 0;0 1 0;deltax deltay 1]); 
NewImage1 = imtransform(Image, T, 'XData', [1 size(Image, 2)], 'YData', [1 size(Image, 1)], 'FillValue', 255);
NewImage2 = imtransform(Image, T, 'XData', [1 size(Image, 2)+deltax], 'YData', [1 size(Image, 1)+deltay], 'FillValue', 255);
subplot(131), imshow(Image), title('原图');
subplot(132), imshow(NewImage1), title('尺寸不变平移');
subplot(133), imshow(NewImage2), title('尺寸扩大平移');

自带函数图像平移效果图：