server端
/*
* UDP网络编程服务端
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main() {
/* 1获取socket描述符 */
int sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket"), exit(-1);
}
/* 2准备通信地址 */
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
servaddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(50015); //host to network hostshort
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
//servaddr.sin_addr = "172,17.5.3"; //类型不兼容,不可以
//servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("172.17.5.3"); //取结构中的成员转换函数
/* 3绑定 */
//bind IP地址为本服务器IP
int res = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
if (res == -1) { perror("bind"), exit(-1);}
printf("bind ok\n");
char buf[100] = { };
char arr[100] = { };
int len = 0;
int iloop = 0;
#if 0
/* 4通信 read/write(client connected) recvfrom/sendto */
len = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (len == -1) {
perror("read"), exit(-1);
}
printf("want to read %lu bytes, actrually read %d bytes:%s\n", sizeof(buf), len, buf);
for (iloop=0; iloop<10; iloop++) {
snprintf(arr, sizeof(arr), "fromserver#%d", iloop);
len = write(sockfd, arr, strlen(arr)); //will return error for udp server
if (len == -1) {
printf("errno: %d\n", errno);
perror("write");
}
printf("%d write: %s\n", len, arr);
sleep(1);
}
#else
/* 4通信 read/write(client connected) recvfrom/sendto */
struct sockaddr cliaddr;
socklen_t clilen = sizeof(cliaddr); /* cannot set to 0 */
memset(&cliaddr, 0, sizeof(cliaddr)); /* should memset */
len = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, &cliaddr, &clilen);
char *from = inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)&cliaddr)->sin_addr);
int fromport = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in *)&cliaddr)->sin_port);
printf("%d recvfrom %s:%d %s\n", len, from, fromport, buf);
for (iloop=0; iloop<500; iloop++) {
snprintf(arr, sizeof(arr), "fromserver#%d", iloop);
# if 1
struct sockaddr_in repaddr;
socklen_t replen = sizeof(struct sockaddr); /* cannot set to 0 */
memset(&repaddr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); /* should memset */
repaddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
repaddr.sin_port = htons(50014);//client port
repaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //client ip
len = sendto(sockfd, arr, strlen(arr), 0, (const struct sockaddr *)&repaddr, replen);
# else
len = sendto(sockfd, arr, strlen(arr), 0, (const struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, clilen);
# endif
if (len == -1) {
printf("errno: %d\n", errno);
perror("sendto");
}
printf("%d sendto: %s\n", len, arr);
/* sleep(1); */
usleep(20000); /* 20ms */
}
#endif
//5关闭socket描述符
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
client端
/*
* UDP网络编程客户端
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main() {
/* 1获取socket描述符 */
int sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sockfd == -1) {
perror("socket"), exit(-1);
}
/* 2准备通信地址 */
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
servaddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port = htons(50015); //host to network hostshort
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
//servaddr.sin_addr = "172,17.5.3"; //类型不兼容,不可以
//servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("172.17.5.3"); //取结构中的成员转换函数
/* bind绑定本地地址,client非必须 */
int res = 0;
int reuseAddrOn = 1;
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
localaddr.sin_family = PF_INET;
localaddr.sin_port = htons(50014); //client port
localaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
res = setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuseAddrOn, sizeof(reuseAddrOn));
if (res == -1) { printf("set SO_REUSEADDR error %d:%s", errno, strerror(errno)), exit(-1); }
res = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&localaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
if (res == -1) { perror("bind"), exit(-1);}
char buf[100] = "fromclient";
int len = 0;
int iloop = 0;
int cnt = 0;
#if 0
/* 3连接 connect to server */
/* connect can improve efficiency for udp client data recv/send */
//connect to server ip
res = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
if (res == -1) { perror("connect"), exit(-1);}
/* 4通信 read/write(connected) recvfrom/sendto */
len = write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
printf("%d write:%s\n", len, buf);
for (iloop=0; iloop<10; iloop++) {
len = read(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (len == -1) {
printf("%d errno:%d\n", len, errno);
perror("read");
} else {
buf[len] = '\0';
printf("%d read: %s\n", len, buf);
cnt += 1;
}
}
#else
/* 4通信 read/write(connected) recvfrom/sendto */
len = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
if (len == -1) {
printf("%d errno:%d\n", len, errno);
perror("sendto");
}
printf("%d sendto: %s\n", len, buf);
int readRet = 0;
int readLen = 0;
int select_ret = 0;
struct timeval tval;
fd_set rset;
struct sockaddr repaddr;
/* for (iloop=0; iloop<10; iloop++) { */
do {
FD_ZERO(&rset);
FD_SET(sockfd, &rset);
tval.tv_sec = 10; /* seconds */
tval.tv_usec = 0;
readRet = 0;
/* monitor sockfd and wait until socket is readable or timeout */
select_ret = select(sockfd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, &tval);
if (0 == select_ret)
{
printf("select rset timeout\n");
break; /* timeout, to close socket */
}
if (true != ((0 < select_ret) && FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)))
{
/* received event but its not sockfd readable, ignore it */
continue;
}
memset(&repaddr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
socklen_t replen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
/* readRet = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, NULL, NULL);//dont care from addr */
readRet = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, &repaddr, &replen);
if (readRet > 0) {
buf[readRet] = '\0';
readLen += readRet;
cnt += 1;
/* char *inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in); */
char *from = inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)&repaddr)->sin_addr);
int fromport = ntohs(((struct sockaddr_in *)&repaddr)->sin_port);
printf("%d recvfrom %s:%d %s\n", readRet, from, fromport, buf);
}
else {
if (readRet < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
{
/* can try again */
continue;
}
if (readRet == 0)
{
readLen = 0;
printf("the peer connection is closed.\n");
break; /* peer shutdown, to close socket */
}
else
{
/* read returnt error and cannot retry again */
readLen = -1;
printf("recv data error, errno=%d:%s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
break; /* read error, to close socket */
}
}
} while (1);
/* } while (0); */
printf("total recv %d packets\n", cnt);
if (readLen <= 0) {
/* close socket */
/* sockfd disconnected */
printf("sockfd disconnected\n");
}
#endif
//5关闭socket描述符
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
客户端可以bind也可以不用bind,如果没有bind系统将自动选择一个临时端口,bind前可能需要设置SO_REUSEADDR套接字选项;
其中客户端可以使用connect创建“有连接”(与TCP的connect不同)的socket,可以提高数据包发送效率;与TCP的connect不同,内核只是检查是否存在立即可知的错误,记录对端的IP和端口然后立即返回到调用进程;
connect之后客户端可以使用send或write函数,也可以使用sendto不过里面的地址参数要填NULL;客户端也不必再使用recvfrom,可以改用read,recv或recvmsg,在一个已连接的udp套接字上由内核为输入操作返回的数据报只有那些来自connect所指定协议地址的数据报。确切的说一个已连接udp套接字只与一个IP地址交换数据,因为connect到多播或广播地址是可能的。
另外在调用recvfrom和sendto接口时注意倒数第二个参数即地址recvfrom时要先清零,最后一个参数即addrlen要提前赋值为sizeof(struct sockaddr),否则可能会导致sendto返回-1报errno为22,invalid argument;
在调用函数时还要检查函数的返回值来确认结果;
另外在recvfrom时为避免阻塞导致的死等待,可以使用select设置超时时间;