【Linux Posix】（15）进程间通信IV - 信号量

 

信号量的读写同步实现机制是通过P-V操作：

P操作(-1)：去查看信号量的值。如何信号量的值是1，那么把信号量的值减1（变成0），继续访问共享内存；如果信号量的值是0，进程就阻塞。

V操作(+1)：把信号量的值加1（从0变1），唤醒阻塞在信号量上的进程。

/* writeshm.c */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
#define BUFSZ 4096
 
int main(void)
{
    int shmid, readsemid, writesemid;
    char *shmbuf;
    struct sembuf buf;
    union semun {
        int val;
        struct semid_ds *buf;
        unsigned short *array;
        struct seminfo *__buf;
    } semval;

    if((readsemid = semget(999, 1, 0666|IPC_CREAT)) < 0) {
        perror("semget");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("read semaphore create: %d\n", readsemid);
    semval.val = 0;
    if(semctl(readsemid, 0, SETVAL, semval) != 0) {
        perror("semctl setval");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("initial read semval: %d\n", semctl(readsemid, 0, GETVAL));

    if((writesemid = semget(1099, 1, 0666|IPC_CREAT)) < 0) {
        perror("semget2");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("write semaphore created: %d\n", writesemid);
    semval.val = 1;
    if(semctl(writesemid, 0, SETVAL, semval) != 0) {
        perror("semctl setval");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("increased write semval: %d\n", semctl(writesemid, 0, GETVAL));
    //system("ipcs -s");

    if((shmid = shmget(888, BUFSZ, 0666|IPC_CREAT)) < 0) {
        perror("shmget1");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    //printf("segment created: %d\n", shmid);
    //system("ipcs -m");
    
    if((shmbuf = shmat(shmid, 0, 0)) < (char *)0) {
        perror("shmat1");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    //printf("after shmat\n");
    //system("ipcs -m");

    shmbuf[0] = 'a'-1;
    int temp = 0;
    while(1) {

        buf.sem_num = 0;
        buf.sem_op = -1;
        //buf.sem_flg = IPC_NOWAIT;
        buf.sem_flg = 0;
        if((semop(writesemid, &buf, 1)) < 0) {
            if(errno == EAGAIN)    
                printf("err is EAGAIN\n");
            else 
                printf("err isn't EAGAIN\n");
            perror("semop2");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }     
    
        shmbuf[0] = shmbuf[0] + 1;       

        buf.sem_num = 0;
        buf.sem_op = 1;
        buf.sem_flg = IPC_NOWAIT;
        if((semop(readsemid, &buf, 1)) < 0) {
            perror("semop3");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        printf("write #%d char: %c\n", ++temp, shmbuf[0]);
        sleep(1);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

/* readshm.c */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
#define BUFSZ 4096
 
int main(void)
{
    int shmid, readsemid, writesemid;
    char *shmbuf;
    struct sembuf buf;

    if((shmid = shmget(888, BUFSZ, 0666|IPC_CREAT)) < 0) {
        perror("shmget");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    //printf("segment created; %d\n", shmid);
    //system("ipcs -m");

    if((shmbuf = shmat(shmid, 0, 0)) < (char *)0) {
        perror("shmat");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    //printf("after shmat\n");
    //system("ipcs -m");

    if((readsemid = semget(999, 1, 0666|IPC_CREAT)) < 0) {
        perror("semget");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if((writesemid = semget(1099, 1, 0666|IPC_CREAT)) < 0) {
        perror("semget");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    while(1) {
        printf(" in while\n");

        if((semctl(writesemid, 0, GETVAL) == 0) && (semctl(readsemid, 0, GETVAL) == 0)){
            buf.sem_num = 0;
            buf.sem_op = 1;
            if((semop(writesemid, &buf, 1)) < 0) {
                perror("semop");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
        }

        buf.sem_num = 0;
        buf.sem_op = -1;
        //buf.sem_flg = IPC_NOWAIT;
        buf.sem_flg = 0;
        if((semop(readsemid, &buf, 1)) < 0) {
            perror("semop");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        write(STDOUT_FILENO, shmbuf, 1);
        sleep(3);

        buf.sem_num = 0;
        buf.sem_op = 1;
        //buf.sem_flg = IPC_NOWAIT;
        if((semop(writesemid, &buf, 1)) < 0) {
            perror("semop");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

    }
    
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}