Android开发中更新UI的几种常用方式

Android开发中，我们经常会头疼UI更新的问题，尤其是跨线程更新UI。今天我们就来聊一聊具体有哪些能够可靠更新UI的的方式：
1、EventBus更新UI：该方式几乎没有使用环境限制，且是线程安全的。不足之处是内部通过主解实现的，有一点点影响效率；
2、RunOnUiThread更新UI：是Activity中的方法，在线程中我们需要告诉系统是哪个activity调用，所以需要在前面指明调用的activity，亦即：***Activity.this.runOnUiThread()。可以说是专门为在子线程中更新UI设计的而且高效;
3、Handller更新UI：也是一种跨线程更新UI的方式，与EventBus一样，几乎可以在所有场合使用，在使用上稍微有一点繁琐；
4、Interface接口回调更新UI：比较常用的一种更新方式，局限性在于：只能直接用在主线程中；
5、runOnUiThread + EventBus更新UI：前面方式1和2的组合；
6、runOnUiThread + Interface接口：前面方式2和4的组合；
7、子线程 + runOnUiThread + Interface接口更新UI；
8、子线程 + EventBus更新UI。

其中常用的应该是前面3中。具体用法如下：

xml中布局：

<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_thread"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.haoyue.demo_list.thread.ThreadActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvTextThread"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:text="UI更新"
        android:textSize="16sp"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btChildThreadEventBus"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="子线程new Thread + EventBus更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btChildThread_RunOnUiThread_Inter"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="子线程 → runOnUiThread →Interface接口更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btRunOnUiThread_Inter"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="runOnUiThread线程 → Interface接口更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btRunOnUiThread_EventBus"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="runOnUiThread + EventBus更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btUpdateUI_Handller"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="通过Handller测试接口回调更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btUpdateUI_EventBus"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="通过EventBus测试子线程回调接口更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btRunOnUiThread"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="50dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="通过RunOnUiThread测试更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>

		<Button
            android:id="@+id/btInterface"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:background="@drawable/button_background"
            android:text="通过Interface接口测试更新UI"
            android:textAllCaps="false"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

interface接口：

public interface InterfaceThread {
    void update(String string);
}

Activity代码：

public class ThreadActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @BindView(tvTextThread)
    TextView mTvTextThread;
    @BindView(R.id.btChildThreadEventBus)
    Button mBtChildThreadEventBus;
    @BindView(R.id.btChildThread_RunOnUiThread_Inter)
    Button mBtChildThreadRunOnUiThreadInter;
    @BindView(R.id.btRunOnUiThread_Inter)
    Button mBtRunOnUiThreadInter;
    @BindView(R.id.btRunOnUiThread_EventBus)
    Button mBtRunOnUiThreadEventBus;
    @BindView(R.id.btUpdateUI_Handller)
    Button mBtUpdateUIHandller;
    @BindView(R.id.btUpdateUI_EventBus)
    Button mBtUpdateUIEventBus;
    @BindView(R.id.btRunOnUiThread)
    Button mBtRunOnUiThread;
    @BindView(R.id.btInterface)
    Button mBtInterface;
	
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_thread);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
    }
	
    InterfaceThread mThread = new InterfaceThread() {
        @Override
        public void update(String string) {
            mTvTextThread.setText(string);
        }
    };
	
    Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            switch (msg.what) {
                case 1:
                    mTvTextThread.setText("通过Handler更新UI的测试");
                    break;
            }
        }
    };
	
    public void onEventMainThread(EventMsg event) {
        mTvTextThread.setText(event.string + "\n 灰色");
    }
	
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
    }
	
    @OnClick({R.id.btChildThread_RunOnUiThread_Inter, R.id.btInterface,
              R.id.btRunOnUiThread_Inter, R.id.btRunOnUiThread_EventBus,
              R.id.btUpdateUI_Handller, R.id.btUpdateUI_EventBus, 
              R.id.btRunOnUiThread, R.id.btChildThreadEventBus})
    public void onViewClicked(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.btChildThreadEventBus:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
	                    String msg = "子线程 + EventBus更新UI的测试成功";
                        EventBus.getDefault().post(new EventMsg(msg));
                    }
                }).start();
                break;
            case R.id.btChildThread_RunOnUiThread_Inter:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        ThreadActivity.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
	                            String msg="子线程→runOnUiThread→接口更新";
                                mThread.update(msg);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }).start();
                break;
            case R.id.btRunOnUiThread_Inter:
                ThreadActivity.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
	                    String msg ="runOnUiThread + Interface接口更新UI";
                        mThread.update(msg );
                    }
                });
                break;
            case R.id.btRunOnUiThread_EventBus:
                ThreadActivity.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
	                    String msg = "runOnUiThread + EventBus更新UI";
                        EventBus.getDefault().post(new EventMsg(msg));
                    }
                });
                break;
            case R.id.btUpdateUI_Handller:
                Message msg = new Message();
                msg.what = 1;
                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
                break;
            case R.id.btUpdateUI_EventBus:
	            String msg = "通过EventBus更新UI的测试成功";
                EventBus.getDefault().post(new EventMsg(msg));
                break;
            case R.id.btRunOnUiThread:
                mTvTextThread.setText("通过RunOnUiThread更新UI测试成功");
                break;
            case R.id.btInterface:
                mThread.update("通过Interface接口回调更新UI的测试成功");
                break;
        }
    }
}

以上8中更新方式，亲测均能够成功。实际开发中，用的最多的还是前面4中方式，尤其是方式1、3、4三种方式。