WHY 超表面排布设置反射角度越小精确度越高？

在弄超表面排布的时候，被告知设置反射角越小效果越好，不知道原因。刷崔铁军老师文章刷到了这篇《Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions | Light: Science & Applications (nature.com)》。

1. 结论：We remark that thecalculated direction shown in this figure is obtained from the designed coding sequence and Eq. (S1). It is observed that the error in most cases is below 1°,suggesting good accuracy. When the target angle is very small (close to 0°) orvery large (close to 90°), the error becomes larger. According to the generalized Snell's law, when the deflecting angle is very small, the gradient sequence becomes very long, even far beyond the metasurface’s dimension, which contributes the main error. In the contrast, when the target angle is very large,the length of coding sequence should be very short. The predetermined size of unit cell limits the shortest period length and results in the large error (about 5° when the target direction angle is 85°).

2.snell's law 公式计算，由于超表面不能无限大，造成的sequence损失，相应公式：

We firstly start with a gradient coding metasurface for the beam deflection in the elevationangle. The metasurface is composed of N*N elements, and theperiod of each element is P. According to the generalized Snell’s law, arbitrary scattering angle θ can be calculated as

coding patterns for 2D and 3D versions. (c-d) The 2D far-field scattering calculations.

(S3)

in which λ0 is wavelength at the central frequency and n is the elementnumber in a period. Eq. (S3) can also be expressed as following based on Eq.(2):

(S4)

in which n1 and n2 are the element numbers in a period for two coding

sequences. As the element number is integer, an error exists between the target

angle and realistic angle. For sequence filtration, we define an error functionerf n as following according to Eq. (S3) and (S4):

(S5)

or

(S6)

in which n, n1, n2∈Z+. Hence n1 and n2 can be expressed as

(S7)

(S8)

Besides, n, n1 and n2 should satisfy the following equations:

(S9)

(S10)

Supplementary FigureS2. The illustration of calculating the digitalcoding sequence.

3.补充：大偏移角会带来高带宽However, we notice that the large deflecting angles generate larger beam width, which means that the power at the target directionis also very high, as shown in Fig. S4b-S4e. （这个有公式吗求教）

Ma, Q., Bai, G.D., Jing, H.B. et al. Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions. Light Sci Appl 8, 98 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0205-3

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