Python新手学习（六）：模式匹配、正则表达式和输入验证

7.模式匹配和正则表达式
1)不用正则表达式来查找文本模式
  只能采用固定的匹配模式，复杂的匹配程序过于繁琐。
  测试程序：test_701.py

def isPhoneNumber(text):
    if len(text) != 12:
        return False
    for i in range(0,3):
        if not text[i].isdecimal():
            return False
    if text[3] != '-':
        return False
    for i in range(4,7):
        if not text[i].isdecimal():
            return False
    if text[7] != '-':
        return False
    for i in range(8,12):
        if not text[i].isdecimal():
            return False
    return True

print('415-555-4242 is a phone number:')
print(isPhoneNumber('415-555-4242'))
print('Moshi moshi is a phone number:')
print(isPhoneNumber('Moshi moshi'))

message = 'Call me at 415-555-1011 tomorrow . 415-555-9999 is my office.'
for i in range(len(message)):
    chunk = message[i:i+12]
    if isPhoneNumber(chunk):
        print('Phone number found: ' + chunk)

print('Done')

2)正则表达式查找文本
  创建正则表达式对象: re.compile(r’……’)
  匹配Regex对象: search（） group()
3)正则表达式匹配更多模式
  括号分组：（***）（***）分出多组
  管道匹配多个组: xxx|yyy
  问号可选匹配 （xx）?
  星号匹配零次或多次：(xx)*
  加号匹配一次或多次：（xx）+
  花括号匹配特定次数：（xx）{3,5}
4)贪心或非贪心匹配 {xxx}？ 
  最大或者最小匹配
5)findall()方法 查找所有的匹配项 
  search() ，查找到第一条匹配项
6)字符分类
  \d \D \w \W \s \S
  [0-9] [a-zA-Z]
7)自构字符分类
  方括号：内部列举要匹配的字符。
  前缀加‘^’，表示不匹配字符。
8)插入字符和美元字符
  前缀加‘^’，表示从开始处匹配。
  前缀加‘$’，表示尾部匹配。
9)通配字符
  句点.称为通配字符，匹配换行符以外的所有字符。
  用’.*’匹配所有字符
  匹配换行符: re.DOTALL
10)正则表达式符号总结
  ? * + {n} {n,} {,m} {n,m} {n,m}? *? +? ^ $ .
  \d \w \s \D \W \S [abc] [^abc]
11)不区分大小写的匹配
  re.I re.IGNORECASE
12)sub()方法替换字符串
13)管理复杂的正则表达式
  参数：re.VERBOSE
14)组合使用参数
  re.IGNORECASE|re.DOTALL|re.VERBOSE
15)项目：电话号码和E-mail地址提取
  测试程序：test_702.py

#!python3
# phoneAndEmail.py - Finds phone numbers and email addresses on the clipboard.

import pyperclip,re,sys

phoneRegex = re.compile(r'''(
                        (\d{3}|\(\d{3}\))?      # area code
                        (\s|-|\.)?              # separator
                        (\d{3})                 # first 3 digits
                        (\s|-|\.)               # separator
                        (\d{4})                 # last 4 digits
                        (\s*(ext|x|ext.)\s*(\d{2,5}))?  #extension                        
                        )''',re.VERBOSE)

# Create email regex.
emailRegex = re.compile(r'''(
                        [a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+       # username
                        @                       # @ symbol
                        [a-zA-Z0-9.-]+          # domain name
                        (\.[a-zA-Z]{2,4})       # dot-something
                        )''',re.VERBOSE)

# Find matches in clipboard text.
text =str(pyperclip.paste())

matches = []
for groups in phoneRegex.findall(text):
    phoneNum = '-'.join([groups[1],groups[3],groups[5]])
    if groups[8]!='':
        phoneNum += 'x' + groups[8]
    matches.append(phoneNum)
for groups in emailRegex.findall(text):
    matches.append(groups[0])

# Copy results to the clipboard.
if len(matches) > 0:
    pyperclip.copy('\n'.join(matches))
    print('Copied to clipboard:')
    print('\n'.join(matches))
else:
    print('No phone numbers or email addresses found.')

test702.py的测试数据：test_702.dat

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8.输入验证（2024/4/16-4/17）
1）PyInputPlus模块
  inputStr() inputNum() inputChoice() inputMenu() inputDateTime() 
  inputYesNo() inputBool() inputEmail() inputFilepath() inputPassword()
  关键字参数 prompt 
  关键字参数 min,max,greaterThan,lessThan
  关键字参数 blank
  关键字参数 limit,timeout,default
  关键字参数 allowRegexes,blockRegexes
  自定义验证参数 inputCustom()  
  测试程序：test_801.py

import pyinputplus as pyip

def addsUpToTen(numbers):
    numbersList = list(numbers)
    for i,digit in enumerate(numbersList):
        numbersList[i] = int(digit)
    if sum(numbersList) != 10:
        raise Exception('The digits must add up to 10,not %s.'%(sum(numbersList)))
    return int(numbers)                     # Return an int form of numbers

response = pyip.inputCustom(addsUpToTen)    #No parentheses after addsUpToTen here

2）项目：如何让人忙几小时 
  测试程序：test_802.py

import pyinputplus as pyip

while True:
    prompt = 'Want to know how to keep a person busy for hours?\n'
    response = pyip.inputYesNo(prompt)
    if response == 'no':
        break;

print('Thank you. Have a nice day.')

3）项目：乘法测验  
  测试程序：test_803.py

import pyinputplus as pyip
import random,time

numberOfQuestions = 10
correctAnswers = 0

for questionNumber in range(numberOfQuestions):
    # Pick two random numbers:
    num1 = random.randint(0,9)
    num2 = random.randint(0,9)

    prompt = '#%s:%s x %s = '%(questionNumber,num1,num2)

    try:
        # Right answers are handled by allowRegexes.
        # Wrong answers are handled by blockRegexes, with a custom message.
        pyip.inputStr(prompt,allowRegexes=['^%s$' % (num1 * num2)],
                      blockRegexes=[('.*','Incorrect!')],
                      timeout=8,limit=3)
    except pyip.TimeoutException:
        print('Out of time!')
    except pyip.RetryLimitException:
        print('Out of tries!')
    else:
        # This block runs if no exceptions were raised in the try block.
        print('Correct!')
        correctAnswers += 1
    time.sleep(1)       # Brief pause to let user see the result.

print('Score: %s / %s' % (correctAnswers,numberOfQuestions))