Python新手学习（八）：组织文件

10.组织文件
1）shutil模块
  复制文件和文件夹 copy() copytree()
  文件和文件夹的移动 move()
  永久删除文件和文件夹 
    os.unlink() 删除文件
    os.rmdir() 删除空目录
    shutil.rmtree() 删除目录树型，不能删除文件
  os.glob() 得到路径下的文件列表
  用send2trash模块安全删除，发送到垃圾箱
2）遍历目录树
  os.walk() 遍历目录树。（经常用到） 
  测试程序：test_1001.py

import os

for folderName,subfolders,filenames in os.walk('d:\\temp\\waffle'):
    print('The curent folder is ' + folderName)

    for subfolder in subfolders:
        print('SUBFOLDER OF ' + folderName + ': ' + subfolder)

    for filename in filenames:
        print('FILE INSIDE ' + folderName + ': ' + filename)

    print(' ')

3）用zipfile模块压缩文件
  读取ZIP文件
    ZipFile() 打开一个压缩文件
    namelist() 读文件列表
    getinfo() 读指定文件的信息，file_size   compress_size
    close() 关闭压缩文件
  从ZIP中解压缩 
    extractall() 全部解压缩
    extract() 解压缩指定文件
  创建一个ZIP文件
    write()    ZIP_DEFLATED
  添加一个目录树到文件里
  测试程序：test_1002.py

import os
import zipfile
 
def zip_dir(dir_path, zip_file_path):
    zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_path, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) 
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir_path):
        for file in files:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
            file_in_zip_path = os.path.relpath(file_path, os.path.dirname(dir_path))
            zipf.write(file_path, file_in_zip_path)
 
# 使用例子
dir_to_compress = 'd:/temp/waffle'
zip_file_name = 'waffle.zip'
zip_dir(dir_to_compress, zip_file_name)

4）项目：将美式日期的文件重命名为欧式日期
  测试程序：test_1003.pys （原书程序有错误，会将日期识别成月份）。

#! python3
# renameDates.py - Renames filenames with American MM-DD-YYY date format to European DD-MM-YYYY.

import shutil,os,re

# Create a regex that matches files with the American date format.
datePattern = re.compile(r"""^(.*?)     # all text before the date
                         ((0|1)?\d)-    # one or two digits for the month
                         ((0|1|2|3)?\d)- # one or two digits for the day
                         ((19|20)\d\d)  # four digits for the year
                         (.*?)$         # all text after the date
                         """,re.VERBOSE)

# Loop over the files in the working directory.
for amerFilename in os.listdir('.'):
    mo = datePattern.search(amerFilename)

    # Skip files withou a date.
    if mo == None:
        continue

    # Get the different parts of the filename.
    beforePart =mo.group(1)
    monthPart = mo.group(2)
    dayPart = mo.group(4)
    yearPart = mo.group(6)
    afterPart = mo.group(8)

    # Form the European-style filename.
    euroFilename = beforePart + dayPart + '-' + monthPart + '-' + yearPart + afterPart

    # Get the full ,absolute file paths.
    absWorkingDir = os.path.abspath('.')
    amerFilename = os.path.join(absWorkingDir,amerFilename)
    euroFilename = os.path.join(absWorkingDir,euroFilename)

    # Rename the files
    print(f'Renaming "{amerFilename}" to "{euroFilename}"...')
    shutil.move(amerFilename,euroFilename)

5）项目：将一个文件夹备份到ZIP文件
  测试程序：test_1004.py

#! python3
# backuptoZip.py - Copies an entire folder and its contents into a ZIP file whose filename increments.

import zipfile,os

def backupToZip(folder):
    #Backup the entire contents of "folder" into a ZIP file.

    folder = os.path.abspath(folder)       #make sure folder is absolute

    # Figure out the filename this code should use based on what files already exist.
    number = 1
    while True:
        zipFilename = os.path.basename(folder) + '_' + str(number) + '.zip'
        if not os.path.exists(zipFilename):
            break;
        number = number + 1

    # Create the ZIP file.
    print(f'Createing {zipFilename}...')
    backupZip = zipfile.ZipFile(zipFilename ,'w')
    
    for foldername ,subfolders,filenames in os.walk(folder):
        print(f'Adding files in {foldername}...')
        # Add the current folder to the ZIP file.
        backupZip.write(foldername)
        
        # Add all the files in this folder to the ZIP file.
        for filename in filenames:
            newBase = os.path.basename(folder + '_')
            if filename.startswith(newBase) and filename.endswith('.zip'):
                continue    # don't back up the backp ZIP files
            backupZip.write(os.path.join(foldername,filename))
    backupZip.close()
    print('Done.')

backupToZip('d:\\temp\\waffle')