JAVA核心技术 第四章 对象与类 方法参数

总结一下在Java程序设计语言中,方法参数的使用情况:

1.一个方法不能修改一个基础数据类型的参数(即数值型和布尔型).

2.一个方法可以改变一个对象参数的状态.

3.一个方法不能实现让对象参数引用一个新的对象.

例:

class Employee{
	private String name;
	private double salary;
	public Employee(String n,double s){
		name=n;
		salary=s;
	}
	public String getName(){
		return name;
	}
	public double getSalary(){
		return salary;
	}
	public void raiseSalary(double byPercent){
		double raise=salary*byPercent/100;
		salary+=raise;
	}
}
public class ParamTest{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		/**
		*Test1:Methods can't modify numeric parameters
		*/
		System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");
		double percent=10;
		System.out.println("Before: percent="+percent);
		tripleValue(percent);
		System.out.println("After: percent="+percent);

		/**
		*Test2:Methods can change the state of object parameters
		*/
		System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
		Employee harry=new Employee("Harry",50000);
		System.out.println("Before: salary="+harry.getSalary());
		tripleSalary(harry);
		System.out.println("After:salary="+harry.getSalary());
		/**
		*Test3:Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters
		*/
		System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
		Employee a=new Employee("Alice",70000);
		Employee b=new Employee("Bob",60000);
		System.out.println("Before: a="+a.getName());
		System.out.println("Before: b="+b.getName());
		swap(a,b);
		System.out.println("After: a="+a.getName());
		System.out.println("After: b="+b.getName());
	}
	public static void tripleValue(double x){//doesn't work
		x=3*x;
		System.out.println("End of method: x="+x);
	}
	public static void tripleSalary(Employee x){//works
		x.raiseSalary(200);
		System.out.println("End of method: salary="+x.getSalary());
	}
	public static void swap(Employee x,Employee y){
		Employee temp=x;
		x=y;
		y=temp;
		System.out.println("End of method: x="+x.getName());
		System.out.println("End of method: y="+y.getName());
	}
}